Table 1.
Demographic, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics of adolescent survivors of Wilms tumor and siblings
| Survivor n (%) |
Sibling n (%) |
p-value | Effect size† | Number of Observation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 331 (49.7) | 333 (47.7) | 0.46 | 0.0199 | 1364 |
| Male | 335 (50.3) | 365 (52.3) | |||
| Age at Survey | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 15.3 (1.7) | 15.4 (1.7) | 0.64 | 0.0254 | 1364 |
| Median (Range) | 15.4 (12.0, 18.0) | 15.5 (12.0, 18.0) | |||
| Race | |||||
| Caucasian | 523 (80.8) | 581 (86.6) | 0.005 | 0.0780 | 1318 |
| Non-Caucasian | 124 (19.2) | 90 (13.4) | |||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 35 (5.4) | 27 (5.7) | 0.84 | 0.0055 | 1318 |
| Non-Hispanic | 612 (94.6) | 633 (94.3) | |||
| Family Income | |||||
| <$40,000 | 160 (26.3) | 117 (17.6) | 0.0002 | 0.1162 | 1272 |
| $40,000 - $100,000 | 291 (47.8) | 323 (48.7) | |||
| >$100,000 | 158 (25.9) | 223 (33.6) | |||
| Education | |||||
| In Elementary/Middle School | 346 (53.2) | 284 (46.6) | <0.0001 | 0.1560 | 1260 |
| In High School | 261 (40.2) | 316 (51.8) | |||
| Other | 43 (6.6) | 10 (1.6) | |||
| Special education‡ | |||||
| Yes | 157 (25.5) | 80 (12.6) | <0.0001 | 0.1655 | 1252 |
| No | 458 (74.5) | 557 (87.4) | |||
| Use of Psychoactive Medications | |||||
| Yes | 62 (9.4) | 35 (5.1) | 0.0002 | 0.0844 | 1347 |
| No | 595 (90.6) | 655 (94.9) | |||
| Age at Diagnosis (years) | |||||
| < 3 | 257 (38.6) | -- | -- | ||
| 3 to ≤ 6 | 373 (56.0) | -- | -- | ||
| > 6 | 36 (5.4) | -- | -- | ||
| Treatment Era | |||||
| 1970-1979 | 37 (5. 6) | -- | -- | ||
| 1980-1989 | 431 (64.7) | -- | -- | ||
| 1990-1999 | 198 (29.7) | -- | -- | ||
| Treatment Modalities | |||||
| Surgery§ | |||||
| Partial nephrectomy | 16 (4.3) | -- | -- | ||
| Total nephrectomy | 345 (93.2) | -- | -- | ||
| Bilateral nephrectomy | 9 (2.5) | -- | -- | ||
| Chemotherapy | |||||
| Vincristine | |||||
| Yes | 572 (95.0) | -- | -- | ||
| No | 30 (5.0) | -- | -- | ||
| Dactinomycin | |||||
| Yes | 574 (95.3) | -- | -- | ||
| No | 28 (4.7) | -- | -- | ||
| Doxorubicin | |||||
| Yes | 308 (51.2) | -- | -- | ||
| No | 294 (48.8) | -- | -- | ||
| Cyclophosphomide | |||||
| Yes | 55 (9.1) | -- | -- | ||
| No | 547 (90.9) | -- | -- | ||
| Carboplatin | |||||
| Yes | 10 (1.7) | -- | -- | ||
| No | 592 (98.3) | -- | -- | ||
| Etoposide | -- | -- | |||
| Yes | 39 (6.5) | -- | -- | ||
| No | 563 (93.5) | -- | -- | ||
| Radiation | |||||
| No radiation treatment | 285 (47.2) | -- | -- | ||
| Radiation to the abdomen | 188 (31.1) | -- | -- | ||
| Radiation to the abdomen plus chest | 118 (19.5) | -- | -- | ||
| Radiation to another location | 13 (2.2) | -- | -- | ||
| Second Malignancy or Recurrence | |||||
| Yes | 43 (6.5) | -- | -- | ||
| Any Endocrine Condition | |||||
| CTCAE Grade 0/1 | 615 (92.3) | 687 (98.4) | < 0.0001 | 0.1459 | 1364 |
| CTCAE Grade 2/3/4 | 51 (7.7) | 11 (1.6) | |||
| Any Heart and Vascular Condition | |||||
| CTCAE Grade 0/1 | 587 (88.1) | 676 (96.8) | < 0.0001 | 0.1663 | 1364 |
| CTCAE Grade 2/3/4 | 79(11.9) | 22 (3.2) | |||
| Any Respiratory Condition | |||||
| CTCAE Grade 0/1 | 623 (93.5) | 650 (93.1) | 0.76 | 0.0084 | 1364 |
| CTCAE Grade 2/3/4 | 43 (6.5) | 48 (6.9) | |||
| History of Kidney Infections | |||||
| Yes | 19 (2.9) | 10 (1.4) | 0.06 | 0.0511 | 1348 |
| No | 632 (97.1) | 687 (98.6) | |||
| History of Dialysis | |||||
| Yes | 11 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0003 | 0.0935 | 1345 |
| No | 642 (98.3) | 692 (100.0) | |||
| History of Scoliosis | |||||
| Yes | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) | 0.3610 | 0.0287 | 1358 |
| No | 657 (99.5) | 697 (99.1) |
Note. Percentages calculated on total number of participants for whom data was available.
†
Cramer’s V for categorical variable; Cohen’s d for continuous variable
‡
Adjusted for race and family income
§
These data only include survivors diagnosed 1970-86