Table 2:
Comparison of neuropsychological measures between patients with Parkinson disease with and without mild cognitive impairment
| Neuropsychological Measures | PD-NCI (Mean) (SD) | PD-MCI (Mean) (SD) | Adjusted P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Global cognition (mean) (SD) | |||
| MMSE | 28.4 (1.6) | 26.7 (2.6) | .016a,b |
| MOCA | 27.0 (2.9) | 24.5 (2.4) | .018a,b |
| ADAS11 | 6.8 (4.2) | 9.8 (3.5) | .071a,b |
| Global Index | 0.1 (0.5) | −0.3 (0.3) | .008a,b |
| Cognitive tests (mean) (SD) | |||
| Clock drawing | 9.31 (1.25) | 8.48 (1.47) | .126 |
| Frontal Assessment Battery | 16.69 (1.38) | 15.28 (2.09) | .027 |
| Digit Span | 17.42 (3.50) | 15.04 (2.24) | .015 |
| Digit Cancellation | 19.86 (6.54) | 15.08 (6.45) | .063 |
| Color Trail 1 | 80.48 (37.59) | 137.24 (82.08) | .008 |
| Color Trail 2 | 138.94 (60.75) | 229.58 (103.31) | .002 |
| Maze | 18.63 (10.59) | 30.80 (17.83) | .005 |
| Maze errors | 0.06 (0.30) | 0.04 (0.20) | .942 |
| ADAS: Immediate and Delayed Recall | 5.08 (2.69) | 7.04 (3.28) | .090 |
| ADAS: Recognition | 1.55 (2.22) | 2.00 (2.50) | .644 |
| ADAS: Language | 1.15 (1.37) | 2.00 (1.71) | .168 |
| Fruit Fluency | 14.11 (3.29) | 11.24 (2.80) | .029 |
| Cognitive domains (mean) (SD) | |||
| Executive function | 0.4 (1.5) | −1.0 (2.0) | .023a,b |
| Attention/working memory | 0.8 (1.7) | −2.0 (2.4) | <.000a,b |
| Visuospatial | 0.0 (1.8) | −0.1 (1.4) | .919d |
| Episodic memory | 0.3 (1.6) | −0.6 (1.5) | .193b |
| Language | 0.4 (1.4) | −1.0 (1.5) | .018a,b |
Note:—MMSE indicates Mini-Mental State Examination; MOCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; ADAS11, Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive.
a
Significant differences at P < .05 level.
b
Analysis of covariance test, corrected for age, sex, and education.