Table 1.
Treatment group membership of pups included in present study
| Prenatal treatment | Postnatal challenge | Total pups | Males | Females | Litters represented |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saline | 22 | 11 | 11 | 7 | |
| Vehicle | Ntx1 | 17 | 9 | 8 | 6 |
| Ntx10 | 14 | 6 | 8 | 5 | |
| Saline | 11 | 5 | 6 | 3 | |
| Morphine | Ntx1 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Ntx10 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 3 | |
| NorBUP, 0.3 mg/kg/day | Saline | 14 | 8 | 6 | 4 |
| Ntx1 | 14 | 8 | 6 | 4 | |
| Ntx10 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | |
| NorBUP, 1.0 mg/kg/day | Saline | 21 | 9 | 12 | 6 |
| Ntx1 | 19 | 8 | 11 | 7 | |
| Ntx10 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 6 | |
| NorBUP, 3.0 mg/kg/day | Saline | 13 | 6 | 7 | 5 |
| Ntx1 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 4 | |
| Ntx10 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 5 | |
| TOTALS | 208 | 102 | 106 | 26* | |
S, saline; Ntx1, naltrexone (1 mg/kg); Ntx10, naltrexone (10 mg/kg); NorBUP, norbuprenorphine.
not the sum of the “Litters represented” column because pups within each litter were randomized to multiple postnatal challenges. Within prenatal treatments, unequal numbers of litters across postnatal challenges were due to not having enough pups per litter per sex to test all three postnatal challenges following division of some litters for a separate study. For other litters, multiple pups of each sex were tested for each postnatal challenge. For group analyses, scores for littermates receiving the same postnatal challenge were averaged such that no litter or no sex was overrepresented (see “Materials and Methods”).