Table 1:
Patients with MS | 2D-TOF |
3D-TRICKS |
DS |
CV |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RIJV | LIJV | RIJV | LIJV | RIJV | LIJV | RIJV | LIJV | |
1–baseline | Normal | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Normal | Abnormal |
1–6 mo | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | – | – |
2–baseline | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal |
2–6 mo | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | – | – |
3–baseline | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal |
3- 6 mo | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | – | – |
4–baseline | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | Normal | Abnormal |
4–6 mo | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Normal | – | – |
5–baseline | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | Normal | Abnormal | Normal |
5–6 mo | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | Normal | – | – |
6–baseline | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal |
6–6 mo | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | Abnormal | – | – |
7–baseline | Normal | Abnormal | Normal | Abnormal | Normal | Abnormal | Normal | Abnormal |
7–6 mo | Normal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Normal | Normal | – | – |
8–baseline | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Normal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal |
8–6 mo | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | – | – |
9–baseline | Normal | Abnormal | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal |
9–6 mo | Abnormal | Abnormal | Normal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | – | – |
10–baseline | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal |
10- 6 mo | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | – | – |
Absent and pinpoint IJV flow was considered abnormal on TOF and TRICKS; the presence of at least 1 of the following IJV parameters was considered abnormal on a DS examination: B-mode abnormalities (flaps, septa, web), stenoses, absence of detectable flow, and presence of reflux in both sitting and supine positions. On CV, the presence of stenosis >50% of the IJV diameter or at least 1 of the following anomalies was considered abnormal: annulus, septum/valve malformation, hypoplasia, twisting, membrane, and agenesis.