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. 2021 Mar 12;11:11–24. doi: 10.2147/BLCTT.S245191

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© 2021 Gupta et al.

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BCL-2 family protein interactions. DNA damage and cellular stress such as that caused by DNA damaging agents or proteosome inhibitors induce the expression of apoptotic sensitizers HRK, BAD, NOXA, BMF, and BIK (not pictured). These proteins selectively bind to and inhibit the anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members BCLXL BCL2, BCLW, MCL1, and BFL1. Anti-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins sequester apoptotic activator proteins PUMA, tBID, and BIM. Free apoptotic activators induce the oligomerization of apoptotic effectors BAK and BAX at the mitochondrial membrane. BAK and BAX oligomerization causes mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and the release of cytochrome C into the cytosol resulting in apoptosome formation and caspase activation.