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. 2021 Mar 3;12:655705. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655705

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Probiotic bacteria and yeast possess and produce many effector molecules that interact with the host to elicit their observed effects. The effector molecules can affect host gut epithelial barrier functions, modulate host immune system, modulate the host’s gut microbiota, modulate the host’s metabolic responses, and affect the host’s central nervous system.