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. 2020 Nov 3;78(5):1929–1941. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03687-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Peroxisomal trafficking machinery. Long-range trafficking is administered along the microtubules by the motor proteins dynein and kinesin (KIFC3, KIF5). The membrane protein PEX14, which is an essential part of the peroxisomal import machinery, allows the retrograde movement of peroxisomes along microtubules by interacting with dynein and its co-factor dynactin. Kinesins (KIFC3, KIF5) support the peroxisomal long-range trafficking towards the positive end of the microtubules by anchoring to the peroxisomal membrane using different adaptors (PEX1 for KIFC3). Miro1 is suggested to regulate peroxisomal trafficking by interacting with either the kinesin or dynein trafficking machinery. Oscillatory peroxisomal motility is dependent on tethering of the peroxisomes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the interaction of the ER membrane proteins VAP-A or VAP-B with the peroxisomal proteins ACBD4 or ACBD5