Table 3.
Unadjusted associations between independent variables and oral hygiene
| Variables | Number of teeth with dental plaque (RR, CI 95%)a | Toothbrushing less than twice a day (RR, CI 95%)a | Plenty of dental plaque (RR, CI 95%)a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Women | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Men | 1.41 (1.29–1.55) | 2.51 (2.15–2.92) | 1.76 (1.05–2.06) |
| Married or equivalent relationship | |||
| Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 1.09 (0.98–1.23) | 1.29 (1.11–1.51) | 1.05 (0.87–1.26) |
| Higher education (university or equivalent) | |||
| Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 1.15 (1.02–1.30) | 1.97 (1.61–2.39) | 1.28 (1.06–1.55) |
| Current smoker | |||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.22 (1.10–1.36) | 1.38 (1.19–1.60) | 1.45 (1.24–1.71) |
| Moderate alcohol consumption riskb | |||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.22 (1.04–1.42) | 1.13 (0.91–1.41) | 1.46 (1.18–1.81) |
| Number of general diseases (continuous) | 1.23 (1.04–1.44) | 1.26 (1.07–1.49) | 1.31 (1.16–1.48) |
| Diagnosed depression or depressive symptoms | |||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.08 (0.92–1.28) | 0.99 (0.76–1.30) | 1.12 (0.86–1.47) |
| Diagnosed psychosis | |||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.91 (1.45–2.52) | 1.53 (1.02–2.29) | 2.35 (1.72–3.23) |
| Using removable prothesis | |||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.99 (1.45–2.72) | 1.99 (1.37–2.90) | 2.87 (2.13–3.86) |
| Anticholinergic Activity Scale | |||
| 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 1 | 1.58 (1.24–2.02) | 1.13 (0.84–1.52) | 1.52 (1.17–1.97) |
| Continuous | 1.14 (1.06–1.21) | 1.04 (0.94–1.14) | 1.13 (1.04–1.22) |
| Anticholinergic Burden Classification | |||
| 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 1 | 1.29 (0.85–1.93) | 1.19 (0.75–1.88) | 1.74 (1.03–2.94) |
| Continuous | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 1.15 (0.99–1.33) |
| Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden | |||
| 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 1 | 1.37 (1.09–1.71) | 1.11 (0.85–1.46) | 1.38 (1.06–1.79) |
| Continuous | 1.16 (1.09–1.24) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 1.17 (1.08–1.27) |
| Anticholinergic Drug Scale | |||
| 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 1 | 1.32 (1.07–1.62) | 1.14 (0.89–1.46) | 1.29 (1.00–1.64) |
| Continuous | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | 1.06 (0.96–1.16) | 1.13 (1.03–1.23) |
| Anticholinergic Load Scale | |||
| 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 1 | 1.25 (1.03–1.51) | 1.13 (0.90–1.42) | 1.26 (1.00–1.59) |
| Continuous | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 1.04 (0.93–1.17) | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) |
| Anticholinergic Risk Scale | |||
| 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 1 | 1.45 (1.09–1.92) | 1.16 (0.83–1.62) | 1.39 (1.01–1.93) |
| Continuous | 1.12 (1.09–1.23) | 1.02 (0.88–1.17) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) |
| Chew’s scale | |||
| 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 1 | 1.51 (1.24–1.84) | 1.22 (0.97–1.53) | 1.46 (1.17–1.82) |
| Continuous | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 1.09 (1.01–1.18) |
| Clinician-Rated Anticholinergic Scale | |||
| 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 1 | 1.32 (1.04–1.66) | 1.15 (0.88–1.50) | 1.33 (1.01–1.74) |
| Continuous | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) | 1.02 (0.90–1.14) | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) |
| Durán’s scale | |||
| 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 1 | 1.27 (1.03–1.58) | 1.16 (0.90–1.50) | 1.20 (0.92–1.57) |
| Continuous | 1.13 (1.03–1.25) | 1.10 (0.98–1.24) | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) |
aData presented as a relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%)
bModerate risk for alcohol consumption: ≥ 20 g of pure ethanol/day (women), ≥ 40 g of pure ethanol/day (men)