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. 2021 Mar 12;14:737–745. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S304440

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© 2021 Kim et al.

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Mediational models. (A) Mediating effect of pain catastrophizing between depression and pain severity. (B) Mediating effect of pain catastrophizing between depression and pain interference.

Notes: Total effect (0.121) = direct effect (-0.014) + indirect effect (1.531×0.088) for (A). Total effect (0.175) = direct effect (0.013) + indirect effect (1.531×0.106) for (B) Covariates entered: gender, living with spouse, numbers of comorbidity and pain area; Just-identified model (no model fit indices); *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001.