Table 2.

Differences in Pain Severity, Pain Interference, and Pain Catastrophizing by Depressive Symptoms (N=132)

	Participants without Depression			Participants with Depression
	Mean	SD	Range	Mean	SD	Range	t	p
Pain severity	2.94	1.92	0–8.3	4.59	2.01	0.5–9.0	−4.756	<0.001
Pain interference*	1.63	1.62	0–6.6	3.53	1.96	0.1–6.7	−5.932	<0.001
Pain catastrophizing
Rumination	5.11	4.63	0–16	9.65	4.95	0–16	−5.343	<0.001
Magnification	2.10	2.61	0–12	4.50	3.41	0–9	−4.507	<0.001
Helplessness	2.07	2.04	0–8	9.34	3.74	4–11	−13.91	<0.001
Total	9.26	7.90	0–34	23.29	10.38	7–34	−8.607	<0.001