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. 2021 Mar 16;12:1686. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21934-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a X-ray rocking curves for MAPbI₃ single crystals grown w/o and with DPSI, and the statistical FWHM results are shown as the insert. b Trap density profiled by DLCP for the crystals at different profiling distance from top surface. c Noise current of the crystal grown with DPSI. d, e Time of flight transient currents of the crystals grown w/o and with DPSI. f Photoconductivity comparison of the crystal w/o and with DPSI under weak ambient light intensity of 1 × 10⁻⁴ W cm⁻².