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. 2021 Mar 16;12:1689. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21989-5

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a, b Ex vivo distribution of different NPs in porcine buccal tissue incubated for 2 h and 4 h, respectively. Scale bars: 100 μm. PVA: poly(vinyl alcohol), DOPA: 3,4-dihydroxy-D-phenylalanine, PLGA: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), PEG: poly(ethylene glycol), PVA: poly(vinyl alcohol), PDA: polydopamine. c, d In vivo distribution of different NPs in rat buccal tissue incubated for 2 h and 4 h, respectively. Scale bars: 100 μm. e Quantification of the fluorescence intensity of different NPs obtained from fluorescence images of porcine buccal tissue. *P = 0.031; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. f Quantification of the fluorescence intensity of different NPs obtained from fluorescence images of rat buccal tissue. *P = 0.033; **P = 0.005; ***P < 0.001. All data are Mean ± S.D. n = 3 animals per group. Statistics was calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test. Exact P values are given in the Source Data file. Source data are provided as a Source data file.