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. 2021 Mar 3;12:626271. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626271

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Copyright © 2021 Guangbao and Timothy.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Research model results. CB, constructivist beliefs; CC, classroom climate; ECM, efficacy in classroom management; EI, efficacy in instruction; ESE, efficacy in student engagement. ***p < 0.001.