Table 4.

Summary of the structural model.

Hypotheses	Relationships	Path coefficient	t value	Results
H1	CB——>CC	−0.04	−0.222	Not supported
H2	CB——>ECM	0.72***	4.59	Supported
H3	CB——>EI	0.88***	4.483	Supported
H4	CB——>ESE	0.69***	4.463	Supported
H5	CC——>ECM	0.40**	2.833	Supported
H6	CC——>EI	0.35**	2.008	Supported
H7	CC——>ESE	0.40**	2.899	Supported

CB, Constructivist beliefs; CC, Classroom climate; ECM, Efficacy in classroom management; EI, Efficacy in instruction; ESE, Efficacy in student engagement.

^***p < 0.001;

^**p < 0.05.