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. 2021 Mar 12;2(3):296–312.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.01.006

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© 2021 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Entrapment of CNS-homing immune cells in the peripheral blood by natalizumab treatment uncovers their origin in cluster T09

(A) Experimental setup to identify CNS-homing immune cells in the blood (B). CNS-associated perivascular compartments (CPV), lymphatic system (L), and natalizumab treatment (NAT) are shown.

(B–E) Increase of VLA-4+ cells during natalizumab treatment compared to untreated time points (cohort MS1) in B cells (n = 7 RRMS patients), cDC (n = 6), monocytes (n = 9), NK cells (n = 9), and T cells (n = 9).

(B) Mean increase of VLA4+ cells during natalizumab treatment projected on umap.

(C) Relative increase of VLA4+ cells during natalizumab treatment for B cells, cDC, and NK cell subpopulations.

(D) Relative increase of VLA4+ cells during natalizumab treatment for monocyte subpopulations.

(E) Relative increase of VLA4+ cells during natalizumab treatment for T cell subpopulations.

FDR-adjusted paired two-tailed t tests were used in (C–E).