TABLE 7.
Known group analyses.
| Total PTSD symptoms |
General PTSD symptoms |
Birth-related PTSD symptoms |
|||||
| Mdn (IQR) | Kruskal–Wallis, p | Mdn (IQR) | Kruskal–Wallis, p | Mdn (IQR) | Kruskal–Wallis, p | ||
| Type of birth | Vaginal | 13.5 (16.75) | 3.84, 0.147 | 8 (11.00) | 2.49, 0.288 | 4 (9.75) | 5.36, 0.069 |
| Assisted vaginal | 10 (20.00) | 6 (11.00) | 2 (9.00) | ||||
| Emergency cesarean | 15 (23.00) | 9 (14.00) | 5 (12.00) | ||||
| U, p | U, p | U, p | |||||
| Traumatic birth (criterion A) | Yes | 20 (21.00) | 7841.5, <0.001 | 11 (14.50) | 7238, <0.001 | 8 (12.00) | 8060.5, <0.001 |
| No | 8 (12.25) | 6 (8.50) | 1 (4.00) | ||||
| Maternal complications | Yes | 16 (24.25) | 8222, 0.044 | 10 (17.00) | 9034, 0.373 | 6 (11.00) | 8178, 0.002 |
| No | 13 (20.00) | 9 (11.00) | 3 (10.00) | ||||
| Infant complications | Yes | 18 (23.00) | 6322, <0.001 | 11 (13.00) | 6688, <0.001 | 8 (12.00) | 7186, <0.001 |
| No | 10.5 (18.25) | 6.5 (11.00) | 3 (8.00) | ||||
| Rho, p | Rho, p | Rho, p | |||||
| Subjective rating of birth as traumatic | Not at all | 1 (4.00) | 0.559, <0.001 | 1 (4.00) | 0.446, <0.001 | 0 (0.00) | |
| Slightly traumatic | 6.5 (11.75) | 5.5 (9.00) | 1 (2.75) | ||||
| Moderately traumatic | 10 (14.00) | 6 (11.00) | 3 (7.00) | 0.587, <0.001 | |||
| Very traumatic | 20 (17.00) | 11 (9.50) | 8 (10.00) | ||||
| Extremely traumatic | 30 (24.50) | 17 (12.50) | 12 (11.00) | ||||
| Bond with the baby | Extremely bonded | 12 (25.00) | 0.179, 0.003 | 7 (15.00) | 0.211, 0.001 | 4 (12.00) | 0.106, 0.086 |
| Very bonded | 14 (20.50) | 9 (13.50) | 4 (10.00) | ||||
| Moderately bonded | 21 (15.00) | 12 (9.50) | 9 (9.50) | ||||
| Slightly bonded | 18 (26.00) | 12 (15.40) | 8 (13.00) | ||||
| Not at all bonded | 26α | 15α | 11α | ||||
αNot enough data to calculate interquartile range (n = 3). NB. Due to missing data n varies: traumatic birth (Criterion A) n = 207; type of birth n = 203; maternal and infant complications n = 277, subjective rating of birth and bond with baby n = 266.