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. 2021 Mar 16;11:6063. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85561-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Neutrophils from RA patients exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not exhibit increased S100A11 secretion compared to unstimulated neutrophils (4 h), (a). Stimulation of NETosis by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 4 h upregulated the secretion of S100A11 by neutrophils. Pretreatment with diphenylene iodonium (DPI) before PMA eliminated the formation of NETs and thereby the release of S100A11 (b). Ctrl unstimulated control, NS non-significant. The horizontal line represents the median. ***p < 0.001.