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. 2021 Mar 16;11:6063. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85561-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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S100A11 was externalized during NETosis. Neutrophils stimulated for 4 h with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), diphenylene iodonium (DPI) or a combination of both were stained for DNA (DAPI; blue) and myeloperoxidase (MPO; red) to visualize the induction of NETosis (a). Neutrophils stimulated with PMA exhibited NETosis (a,b) accompanied by S100A11 (green) release (b). In contrast, pro-inflammatory stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not lead to NETosis or S100A11 secretion by neutrophils (b). Ctrl, unstimulated control. Cells were visualized using an Olympus BX53 microscope with Olympus cellSens Standard imaging software V1.18. (https://www.olympus-lifescience.com/en/software/cellsens/). Representative images are shown at ×400 magnification (n = 7).