TABLE 1.
Microbial proteins target plant chloroplasts.
| Microbes | Protein name | Annotation | Implication of interaction | References |
| Alfalfa mosaic virus | CP | Coat protein | Segregate the chloroplast protein PsbP | Balasubramaniam et al., 2014 |
| Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | ITL | Integrin-like protein | Binding CAS and inhibiting SA synthesis | Tang et al., 2020 |
| Puccinia striiformis | Pst_12806 | Haustorium-specific protein | Interacts with TaISP | Xu et al., 2019 |
| Phytophthora infestans | AVRvnt1 | RxLR type of effector protein | Interacts with and destabilizes GLYK | Gao et al., 2020 |
| Pseudomonas syringae | Hopl1 | Previously named HopPmaI | Causes chloroplast thylakoid structure remodeling and suppresses SA accumulation | Jelenska et al., 2007 |
| Pseudomonas syringae | HopN1 | Cysteine protease | Degraded PsbQ and inhibited PSII activity | Rodríguez-Herva et al., 2012 |
| potato leafroll virus | CP | Capsid readthrough domain | Form an extensive interaction network with chloroplast-localized proteins | Deblasio et al., 2018 |
| Tomato yellow leaf curl virus | C4 | Inhibit the intercellular spread of RNAi through interact with BAM1 | Rosas-Diaz et al., 2018 | |
| Bamboo mosaic virus | Rep | Replicase | Interacts with NbcpHsp70-2 | Huang Y. W. et al., 2017 |
| Pseudomonas syringae | HopZ1a | HopZ effector family of cysteine-proteases | Suppresses SA and EDS1-dependent resistance. | Macho et al., 2010 |
| Pseudomonas syringae | HopBB1 | Type III effector | Activates TCP14-repressed JA response genes | Yang et al., 2017 |
| Pseudomonas syringae | HopX1 | Cysteine protease | Interacts with and promotes the degradation of JAZ proteins | Gimenez-Ibanez et al., 2014 |
| Ralstonia solanacearum | RipAL | Contains a putative lipase domain | Induces jasmonic acid production to suppress salicylic acid-mediated defense responses | Nakano and Mukaihara, 2018 |
| Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus | SahA | Salicylic acid hydroxylase | Degrade SA and suppress plant defenses | Li et al., 2017 |
| Tomato yellow leaf curl virus | C4 | C4 Protein | Suppression of SA responses | Medina-Puche et al., 2020 |
| Phytophthora infestans | AVR3a | Host-translocated effector | Perturb pathogen induced stromule development | Toufexi et al., 2019 |
| betasatellite | βC1 | A suppressor of gene silencing | Destroy chloroplast ultrastructure and interact with PsbP to hampers non-specific binding of PsbP to the geminivirus DNA | Bhattacharyya et al., 2015; Gnanasekaran et al., 2019 |