Table 2.

Alloying methods applied for improvement of mechanical or corrosion properties of Mg or its alloys.

Phase	Type	Composition	Results (pre-treatment vs.post-treatment)	References
Crystalline	Pure Mg	Pure Mg (99.9 wt%) vs. high-purity Mg (99.99 wt%)	Five-fold increase in corrosion resistance due to the reduction of impurities	[108]
	Binary	Mg–Zn	58% higher than pure Mg in bending strength	[66]
		Mg–Ca	Dramatic increase in ultimate tensile strength	[67]
		Mg–Ag	100% increase in ultimate tensile strength	[68]
	Ternary	Mg–Zn–Sr	Modulation of Mg–Zn alloys by addition of Sr	[36]
		Mg–2Sr–Ca	Improved corrosion resistance by addition of Ca or Zn into Mg–2Sr	[71]
		Mg–2Sr–Zn
		Mg–Zn–Ag	Improvement in hardness while decrease in corrosion resistance by addition of Ag into Mg–Zn alloys	[72]
		Mg–Zn–Ca	Improvement in corrosion resistance by addition of Ca into Mg–Zn alloys	[73]
	Quaternary or above	Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr	Balanced mechanical strength and corrosion resistance by addition of Nd and Zr	[109]
		Mg-0.6Zr-0.5Sr-xSc	25% increase in the ultimate tensile strength by addition of Sc in Mg–Zr–Sr alloys,	[79]
		Mg–Li–Al-RE442	Over 3.5-year degradation period vs. 12 weeks for ZX50 and approximate 24 weeks for WZ21 as intramedullary pins	[76]
Amorphous	Ternary	Mg–Zn–Ca alloy	Significant improvement in corrosion resistance compared to conventional crystalline Mg alloys	[81,82]
Amorphous & Crystalline dual-phase structure	Quaternary or above	Mg–Cu–Y alloy	SNDP-GC material increases the ultimate yield stress by nearly 8 times	[101]