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. 2021 Mar 11;7(3):e06383. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06383

Table 1.

Game design elements’ levels (Deterding et al., 2011).

Design Elements’ Level Description Examples
Interface and game Design Patterns Successful design components and solutions to a known problem. Badges, leaderboards, levels
Design Patterns and mechanics Using parts of the design of a game that concern the Gameplay. Time constraint, limited resources, shifts
Design principles and Heuristics Evaluation guidelines to address a design problem or analyze a particular solution. Clear goals, variety of game styles
Game Models Conceptual models of the game components or experiences. MDA, challenge, fantasy, curiosity
Game Design Methods Specific design processes and practices. Playtesting, value-conscious game design, Play centric design