. 2021 Mar 11;7(3):e06429. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06429

Table 2.

Pooled effect estimates of surrogate markers of hepcidin in patents with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Effect Measure		Number of Studies	Number of participants	Effect Estimate
Effect Measure		Number of Studies	Number of participants	Model	MD	SMD	95% CI	I², p-value	Z, p-value
Iron levels	Overall	5 [10,11,25,27]	931	RE	-	0.06	-0.26 to 0.39	80%, p^H=0.0005	0.38, p = 0.70
	Overweight T2D	3 [10,25,27]	524		-	-0.11	-0.57 to 0.36	81%, p^H = 0.005	0.46, p = 0.65
	Obese T2D	2 [11,25]	407		-	0.30	-0.30 to 0.90	86%, p^H = 0.007	0.98, p = 0.33
Haemoglobin levels	Overall	8 [6,10,11,25,26,27,29]	2320	RE	-0.23	-	-0.46 to -0.01	85%, p^H<0.00001	2.02, p = 0.04
	Overweight T2D	5 [6,10,[25], [26], [27]]	1847		-0.43	-	-0.94 to 0.07	87%, p^H <0.00001	1.68, p = 0.09
	Obese T2D	3 [11,25,29]	473		-0.15	-	-0.27 to -0.03	0%, p^H = 0.37	2.44, p = 0.01
Ferritin levels	Overall	10 [6,7,10,11,25,26,27,29,30]	2668	RE	-	0.60	0.32 to 0.88	88%, p^H<0.00001	4.15, p < 0.00001
	Overweight T2D	6 [6,7,10,25,26,27]	1891		-	0.57	0.31 to 0.83	74%, p^H = 0.02	4.28, p < 0.0001
	Obese T2D	4 [11,25,29,30]	777		-	0.65	-0.08 to 1.37	95%, p^H <0.00001	1.75, p = 0.08
Hepcidin:ferritin ratio	Overall	4 [7,27,29,30]	494	RE	-0.19	-	-0.46 to 0.08	96%, p^H<0.00001	1.35, p = 0.18
	Overweight	2 [7,27]	124		0.01	-	-0.08 to 0.09	0%, p^H = 0.91	0.16, p = 0.87
	T2D Obese T2D	2 [29,30])	370		-0.37	-	-0.70 to -0.05	96%, p^H <0.00001	2.23. p = 0.03

T2D groups were compared to heathy controls.