Table 3.
Univariate and Multivariate Cox-Regression Analyses of Predictors Associated with Overall Survival After Curative Liver Resection for High-AFP Hepatocellular Carcinoma
| Variables | UV HR (95% CI) | UV P | MV HR (95% CI) | MV P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 1.01 (0.73–1.39) | 0.966 | ||
| Age > 60 years | 0.99 (0.71–1.38) | 0.957 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.27 (0.71–2.27) | 0.415 | ||
| Overweight | 1.15 (0.91–1.45) | 0.253 | ||
| ASA score > 2 | 1.12 (0.77–1.63) | 0.548 | ||
| HBsAg (+) | 0.83 (0.53–1.32) | 0.435 | ||
| Anti-HCV (+) | 1.49 (0.62–3.62) | 0.376 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 1.29 (1.02–1.73) | 0.041 | 1.43 (1.06–1.94) | 0.020 |
| Portal hypertension | 1.13 (0.86–1.47) | 0.373 | ||
| Child-Pugh grade B | 1.61 (1.14–2.27) | 0.006 | NA | 0.124 |
| Preoperative AFP > 1200 ng/mL | 1.22 (0.94–1.58) | 0.135 | ||
| Preoperative tumor rupture | 2.58 (1.58–4.22) | < 0.001 | 2.51 (1.51–4.18) | < 0.001 |
| Maximum tumor size > 5 cm | 2.07 (1.63–2.63) | < 0.001 | 1.45 (1.09–1.92) | 0.011 |
| Multiple tumors | 1.78 (1.35–2.38) | < 0.001 | NA | 0.765 |
| Macrovascular invasion | 3.98 (2.85–5.56) | < 0.001 | 2.08 (1.45–2.98) | < 0.001 |
| Microvascular invasion | 1.76 (1.39–2.22) | < 0.001 | 1.32 (1.01–1.73) | 0.044 |
| Satellite nodules | 2.36 (1.83–3.04) | < 0.001 | 1.47 (1.09–1.97) | 0.011 |
| Incomplete tumor encapsulation | 2.15 (1.69–2.74) | < 0.001 | NA | 0.234 |
| Poor tumor differentiation | 1.23 (0.94–1.60) | 0.130 | ||
| Intraoperative blood loss > 600 mL | 1.75 (1.34–2.28) | < 0.001 | NA | 0.109 |
| Intraoperative blood transfusion | 2.17 (1.67–2.81) | < 0.001 | 1.63 (1.24–2.13) | < 0.001 |
| Major hepatectomy | 1.89 (1.46–2.44) | < 0.001 | NA | 0.256 |
| Non-anatomical resection | 1.20 (0.93–1.55) | 0.170 | ||
| Resection margin < 1 cm | 2.38 (1.88–3.02) | < 0.001 | 1.97 (1.54–2.53) | < 0.001 |
| Postoperative adjuvant TACE | 0.78 (0.61–1.09) | 0.086 | NA | 0.118 |
| Postoperative IBR | 3.37 (2.58–4.41) | < 0.001 | 2.97 (2.49–3.45) | < 0.001 |
Note: *Those variables found significant at P < 0.1 in univariable analyses were entered into multivariable analyses.
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; HR, hazard ratio; MV, multivariable; NA, not applicable; UV, univariable; CI, confidence interval; IBR, incomplete biomarker response; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.