Table 5.
Univariate and Multivariate Cox-Regression Analyses of Risk Factors Associated with Early Recurrence After Curative Liver Resection for High-AFP Hepatocellular Carcinoma
| Variables | UV HR (95% CI) | UV P | MV HR (95% CI) | MV P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 1.00 (0.70–1.44) | 0.986 | ||
| Age > 60 years | 0.83 (0.57–1.21) | 0.322 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.36 (0.72–2.57) | 0.337 | ||
| Overweight | 1.06 (0.81–1.37) | 0.686 | ||
| ASA score > 2 | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 0.345 | ||
| HBsAg (+) | 0.71 (0.45–1.11) | 0.128 | ||
| Anti-HCV (+) | 1.11 (0.41–2.99) | 0.831 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 1.12 (0.81–1.54) | 0.494 | ||
| Portal hypertension | 0.90 (0.66–1.23) | 0.507 | ||
| Child-Pugh grade B | 1.32 (0.89–1.95) | 0.173 | ||
| Preoperative AFP > 1200 ng/mL | 1.53 (1.23–2.08) | 0.006 | NA | 0.592 |
| Preoperative tumor rupture | 2.78 (1.67–4.63) | < 0.001 | NA | 0.072 |
| Maximum tumor size > 5 cm | 2.02 (1.55–2.64) | < 0.001 | NA | 0.153 |
| Multiple tumors | 2.08 (1.54–2.80) | < 0.001 | 1.72 (1.25–2.37) | 0.001 |
| Macrovascular invasion | 5.57 (3.96–7.82) | < 0.001 | 3.19 (2.25–4.51) | < 0.001 |
| Microvascular invasion | 1.65 (1.28–2.14) | < 0.001 | NA | 0.674 |
| Satellite nodules | 2.56 (1.96–3.35) | < 0.001 | NA | 0.166 |
| Incomplete tumor encapsulation | 2.26 (1.72–2.97) | < 0.001 | 1.44 (1.08–1.93) | 0.014 |
| Poor tumor differentiation | 1.18 (0.89–1.56) | 0.244 | ||
| Intraoperative blood loss > 600 mL | 1.75 (1.32–2.33) | < 0.001 | NA | 0.366 |
| Intraoperative blood transfusion | 2.13 (1.61–2.81) | < 0.001 | 1.69 (1.27–2.24) | < 0.001 |
| Major hepatectomy | 1.92 (1.46–2.52) | < 0.001 | NA | 0.095 |
| Non-anatomical resection | 1.31 (0.99–1.73) | 0.055 | NA | 0.247 |
| Resection margin < 1 cm | 2.49 (1.91–3.26) | < 0.001 | 1.95 (1.49–2.56) | < 0.001 |
| Postoperative adjuvant TACE | 1.01 (0.77–1.32) | 0.973 | ||
| Postoperative IBR | 7.12 (5.40–9.41) | < 0.001 | 5.43 (4.08–7.25) | < 0.001 |
Note: *Those variables found significant at P < 0.1 in univariable analyses were entered into multivariable analyses.
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; HR, hazard ratio; MV, multivariable; NA, not applicable; UV, univariable; CI, confidence interval; IBR, incomplete biomarker response; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.