Figure 2.

Characteristics and immuno‐stimulation of thiolated nano‐vaccine. A) Structure and intermolecular interaction of Gu⁺‐unit based thiolated nano‐vaccine. B) TEM image of CpG‐ODN NPs and thiolated nano‐vaccine. The insert picture presented the DLS distribution of thiolated nano‐vaccine. C) The Uv–vis absorbance of CpG‐ODN NPs (CpG‐ODN^FAM) and thiolated nano‐vaccine (CpG‐ODN^FAM/neoantigen^Cy3). D) The sub‐cellular location of thiolated nano‐vaccine (CpG‐ODN/neoantigen^Cy3) in BMDCs after 0.5 h incubation and lysosome staining with LysoTracker Green. E) Relative fluorescence intensity of thiolated nano‐vaccine (CpG‐ODN^FAM/neoantigen^Cy3), CpG‐ODN^FAM, and neoantigen^Cy3 in bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) for 0.5 h incubation. Results are shown as mean ± SD. (n = 4). F) Cellular uptake of thiolated nano‐vaccine (CpG‐ODN^FAM/neoantigen^Cy3) after co‐incubation with BMDCs for 0.5 h. G) The maturation of BMDCs after co‐incubation with CpG‐ODN, neoantigen, CpG‐ODN/neoantigen mix, thiolated nano‐vaccine, and LPS for 72 h, respectively. The secretion of H) IL‐12 H and I) TNF‐α was further checked by ELISA assays at 72 h of post‐incubation. Results are shown as mean ± SD. (n = 3). J) The proliferation of CD8+T cells after co‐incubation with matured BMDCs for 48 h.