Figure 5.

Micropatterned substrates enhance osteogenic capacity of MSCs. a) Representative mineralization images of MSCs, depicting nuclei (blue) and calcium deposition (red) on flat (control) and micropatterned substrates. Scale bar, 50 µm. b) Quantification of mineral generation per cell for 5 µm micropillar heights. c) Quantification of total cell number following 21 day osteogenic differentiation. d,e) Representative YAP fluorescence staining and quantification on flat and micropatterned substrates maintained at a constant micropillar height of 5 µm. Scale bar, 10 µm. f) Calculated force required to bend each micropillar by 1 µm, depicting forces applied at the top and middle of the micropillar. Graphs (b), (c), and (d) show mean ± SD from 300 cells for three hMSC donors. Samples were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc testing. Statistically different samples are denoted by ****p < 0.001.