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. 2021 Feb 1;8(6):2002425. doi: 10.1002/advs.202002425

Table 1.

The brief classification and summary of CPAs

Permeating agents Nonpermeating agents
Small molecules Sugars Polymers

  • Dimethyl sulphoxide

  • Sucrose

  • Polyethylene glicol

  • Ethylene glycol

  • Trehalose

  • Polyvinyl pyrrolidone

  • Propylene glycol

  • Raffinose

  • Hydroxy ethyl starch

  • Glycerol

  • Mannitol

  • Ficoll

  • Methanol

  • Glucose

  • Serum proteins (mixture)

  • Ethanol

  • Galactose

  • Milk proteins (mixture)

  • Glycine betaine