Table 2.
Intraoperative characteristics of procedures in the whole series and stratified according to period of recruitment.
| Variables | Whole Series | Period 1 (2004–2009) |
Period 2 (2010–2015) |
Period 3 (2015–2020) |
a vs. b | a vs. c | b vs. c | a vs. b vs. c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1212 | 293 | 353 | 566 | ||||||
| Extent of liver resection, n (%) | 0.01 | 0.01 | NS | 0.03 | |||||
| Major | 232 (19.1) | 108 (36.9) | 56 (15.9) | 68 (12) | |||||
| Minor | 980 (80.9) | 185 (63.1) | 297 (84.1) | 498 (88) | |||||
| Technique for liver hypertrophy, n (%) | 105 (8.7) | 33 (11.3) | 27 (7.6) | 45 (8) | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| PVE alone | 11 (0.9) | 2 (0.7) | 4 (1.1) | 5 (0.9) | |||||
| Two stage | 76 (6.3) | 31 (10.6) | 20 (5.7) | 25 (4.4) | |||||
| ALPPS | 22 (1.8) | 0 | 7 (2.0) | 15 (2.7) | |||||
| Parenchymal sparing surgery, n (%) | 275 (22.7) | 52 (17.7) | 96 (27.2) | 127 (22.4) | 0.03 | 0.04 | NS | 0.04 | |
| Median difficulty | 8 (3–10) | 6 (3–10) | 7 (3–10) | 9 (3–10) | NS | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.03 | |
| Laparoscopic approach, n (%) | 410 (33.8) | 23 (7.8) | 107 (30.3) | 332 (58.7) | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
| Conversion, n (%) | 47 (11.5) | 3 (13) | 13 (12.1) | 32 (9.6) | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| Primary tumor resection, n (%) | 221 (18.2) | 56 (19.1) | 72 (20.4) | 93 (16.4) | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| Intraoperative ablation, n (%) | 145 (12) | 21 (7.2) | 50 (14.2) | 74 (13.1) | 0.04 | 0.05 | NS | 0.04 | |
| Margin, n (%) | 0.03 | 0.05 | NS | 0.04 | |||||
| R0 | 1116 (92.1) | 280 (95.6) | 316 (89.5) | 520 (91.9) | |||||
| R1 | 96 (7.9) | 13 (4.4) | 37 (10.5) | 46 (8.1) | |||||
| Extrahepatic disease removal, n (%) | 62 (5.1) | 9 (3.1) | 17 (4.8) | 36 (6.4) | NS | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
| Peritoneal | 21 (1.7) | 3 (1.0) | 7 (2) | 11 (1.9) | |||||
| Nodal | 52 (4.3) | 7 (2.4) | 21 (5.9) | 24 (4.2) | |||||
| Pulmonary | 7 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.8) | 4 (0.7) | |||||