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. 2021 Mar 9;13(5):832. doi: 10.3390/polym13050832

Table 3.

Esterification of starch in ionic liquids (ILs).

Starch Ionic Liquid Catalyst Product Ref.
Corn starch [BMIM]Cl Pyridine Starch acetate or succinate [147]
Corn starch [BMIM]Cl - Starch acetate [148]
Corn starch Imidazolium based ILs ILs Starch mixed
esters
[149]
Corn starch [BMIM]Cl [BMIM]Cl Starch acetate or propionate [150]
Corn maltodextrin [BMIM]X;
X-halogen
- Maltodextrin
acetate
[151]
Corn starch IL, DMF or DMSO - Starch laurate, palmitate or
stearate
[152]
Corn starch [BMIM]Cl Pyridine Starch laurate or stearate [153]
Cassava starch [BMIM]Cl Pyridine Starch vernolate [154]
High-amylose
maize starch
Mixture of
[BMIM]BF4 [BMIM]OAc
C. rugosa lipase Starch palmitate [155]
High-amylose
maize starch
[BMIM]BF4 C. rugosa lipase Starch laurate [156]
Cassava starch Mixture of
[BMIM]PF6 DMSO
Novozyme 435 lipase Starch vernolate [157]
Waxy maize
starch
[C8MIM]NO3 Novozyme 435 lipase Starch octenyl succinate [158]
Corn starch C16 MIMBr,
C16-3-C16 IMBr2, C16-12-C16 IMBr2
R. oryzae lipase Starch oleate [159]
Potato starch [BMIM]Cl T. lanuginosus lipase Starch oleate [160]
Potato starch [BMIM]Cl
P80 surfactant
T. lanuginosus lipase Starch esters [161]