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. 2021 Mar 2;5(3):e13591. doi: 10.2196/13591

Table 3.

Mean daily energy and nutrient intakes estimated by the web-based EatWellQ8 food frequency questionnaire and a paper-based food frequency questionnaire and general linear model results (N=46).

Nutrient EatWellQ8 FFQa, mean (SD) PFFQb, mean (SD) P valuec P valued
Energy (kcal) 2297 (779) 1899 (505) <.001e N/Af
Total fat (g) 92.1 (40.8) 69.1 (23.4) .12 .12
Total fat (%TEg) 35.5 (7.8) 32.4 (5.1) .13 .13
SFAh (g) 38.4 (17.9) 26.9 (9.1) .01 .01
SFA (%TE) 14.9 (4.8) 12.6 (2.7) .01 .01
MUFAi (g) 39.5 (19.5) 26.4 (9.7) <.001 .001
MUFA (%TE) 15.1 (4.3) 12.3 (2.3) <.001 .001
PUFAj (g) 16.1 (7.8) 13.1 (6.5) .64 .58
PUFA (%TE) 6.2 (1.7) 6.1 (1.8) .93 .96
Omega 3 (g) 0.1 (0.2) 0.3 (0.3) <.001 <.001
Protein (g) 104 (41) 93 (41) .35 .33
Protein (%TE) 18.2 (5.0) 19.4(6.1) .39 .37
Carbohydrate (g) 280 (102) 241 (70) .53 .53
Carbohydrate (%TE) 49.1 (10.5) 51.2 (7.9) .53 .54
Total sugars (g) 125 (52) 105 (32) .56 .53
Total sugars (%TE) 22.3 (8.8) 22.6 (6.2) .53 .53
Calcium (mg) 1126 (542) 933 (358) .86 .84
Total folate (µg) 323 (135) 328 (116) .01 .01
Iron (mg) 13.5 (5.7) 11.5 (4.0) .48 .49
Total carotene (µg) 5042 (3430) 4781 (4325) .82 .82
Riboflavin (mg) 2.0 (0.9) 1.8 (0.7) .30 .31
Thiamin (mg) 1.7 (0.7) 1.5 (0.4) .18 .18
Vitamin B6 (mg) 2.4 (0.8) 2.1 (0.8) .77 .77
Vitamin B12 (µg) 4.8 (2.8) 5.5 (3.2) <.001 <.001
Vitamin C (mg) 163 (141) 156 (98) .67 .68
Vitamin A REk (µg) 1054 (590) 1110 (796) .22 .22
Retinol (µg) 237 (138) 387 (452) <.001 <.001
Vitamin D (µg) 2.6 (2.0) 2.3 (1.7) .48 .45
Vitamin E (mg) 12.7 (7.0) 9.5 (3.9) .44 .45
Sodium (mg) 2701 (1058) 2102 (771) .21 .21

aFFQ: food frequency questionnaire.

bPFFQ: paper-based food frequency questionnaire.

cControlled for energy.

dControlled for energy and gender.

eValue derived from paired sample t test.

fN/A: not applicable.

g%TE: percentage total energy.

hSFA: saturated fatty acid.

iMUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid.

jPUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid.

kRE: retinol equivalent.