Table 4.
Cross-country Comparisons Among Smokers Who Reported Co-using Cannabis in the Last 12 Months (n=3,134).
| Outcome* Weighted % (95% CI) | Canada n= 1,157 | United States n=692 | Australia n= 215 | England n= 1,070 | Cross-country Differences P-value$ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 2: Frequency of cigarette smoking | 0.001 | ||||
| Daily smokers (n=2387) | 79.9 (76.8–82.8) | 83.3 (78.6–8M) | 94.7 (89.0–97.5) | 85.9 (82.3–88.8) | |
| Non-daily smokers (n=747) | 20.1 (17.2–23.2) | 16.7 (12.9–21.4) | 5.3 (2.5–11.0) | 14.1 (11.2–17.7) | |
| Model 3: Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) | N/A | ||||
| Low (n=1250) | 42.7 (38.6–46.8) | 43.9 (37.5–50.3) | 26.9 (18.1–35.8) | 41.6 (36.4–46.8) | |
| Medium (n=1350) | 51.6 (47.5–55.7) | 51.0 (44.7–57.3) | 65.1 (55.9–74.3) | 54.5 (49.3–59.6) | |
| High (n=136) | 5.8 (3.9–7.7) | 5.1 (2.6–7.7) | 8.0 (2.5–13.4) | 3.9 (1.9–5.9) | |
| Low (n=1250) | 42.4 (38.4–46.5) | 43.6 (37.4–50.0) | 26.7 (18.9–36.3) | 41.3 (36.2–46.5) | 0.03 |
| Medium/high (n=1486) | 57.6 (53.5–61.6) | 56.4 (50.0–62.6) | 73.3 (63.7–81.1) | 58.7 (53.5–63.8) | |
| Model 4: Frequency of cannabis use (Model 4) | 0.003 | ||||
| Daily (n=956) | 35.2 (31.5–38.8) | 40.2 (34.2–46.2) | 21.7 (14.5–28.8) | 26.3 (22.0–30.5) | |
| Weekly (n=596) | 18.1 (15.1–21.0) | 18.7 (14.1–23.4) | 19.3 (11.8–26.9) | 24.1 (19.9–28.4) | |
| Monthly (n=504) | 14.6 (11.9–17.4) | 12.2 (8.7–15.7) | 17.1 (9.3–24.9) | 14.7 (11.3–x18.2) | |
| Less than monthly (n=1078) | 32.2 (28.6–35.7) | 28.9 (23.6–34.2) | 241.9 (31.9–52.0) | 34.9 (30.3–39.4) | |
| Model 5: Daily cannabis use and daily cigarette smoking | 0.03 | ||||
| Yes (n=818) | 30.6 (27.2–34.2) | 34.8 (29.5–40.6) | 22.7 (16.2–30.9) | 25.8 (21.7–30.3) | |
| Model 6: Compared to smoking cigarettes, how harmful do you think smoking marijuana/ cannabis is? | <0.0001 | ||||
| More harmful (n=270) | 5.4 (3.8–7.0) | 3.2 (1.1–5.3) | 6.5 (1.9–11.0) | 9.4 (6.8–11.9) | |
| Equally harmful (n=584) | 16.5 (13.7–19.3) | 13.2 (9.1–17.3) | 21.6 (13.6–29.5) | 23.6 (19.5–27.7) | |
| Less harmful (n=2105) | 73.6 (70.3–76.9) | 78.3 (73.4–83.1) | 65.5 (56.1–74.9) | 60.8 (56.1–65.4) | |
| Don’t know (n=270) | 4.5 (3.1–5.9) | 5.3 (3.0–7.6) | 6.4 (0.8–12.1) | 6.2 (3.9–8.6) | |
| Model 7: Smoked cannabis in the last 30 days (yes vs. used cannabis some other way) | |||||
| Yes, I smoked cannabis in the last 30 days (n=1880) | 88.6 (85.5–91.1) | 92.0 (88.0–94.8) | 93.0 (82.2–97.5) | 95.7 (92.6–97.6) | 0.009 |
| Model 8: Mixing tobacco with smoked cannabis in the last 30 days (yes vs no) | |||||
| Yes, smoked cannabis mixed with tobacco (n=1014) | 38.5 (34.1–43.0) | 22.3 (17.3–28.3) | 86.0 (78.2–91.3) | 90.4 (86.1–93.5) | <0.0001 |
Data are weighed and adjusted; CI: Confidence interval; N/A: Not applicable (not assessed); Percentages in the table reflect ―yes‖ responses in the survey
$
P-value is the main effect for ‘country’ in the regression model. Model 2, 4, and 5: n=3,134 (no missing cases); Model 3: n=2,736 (398 missing cases); Model 6: n=3,120 (14 missing cases); Model 7: n=2,090 (8 missing cases); Model 8: n=1,880.