Table 1.
Relationships among post-traumatic stress symptoms status and socio-demographic and work-related variables.
| Characteristics | No Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | Full PTSD | Group Comparison a | Multivariate Analysis c | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 2949) | (n = 605) | X2 | Wald | B | OR (95% IC) | |
| Gender b | 27.72 * | 6.410 * | ||||
| Masculine | 94.3% | 88.4% | −0.485 * | 0.616 (0.423–0.896) | ||
| Feminine d | 5.7% | 11.6% | ||||
| Age c | 8.61 ** | 0.896 | ||||
| [21–29 years old] | 8.8% | 7.5% | −0.220 | 0.802 (0.328–1.966) | ||
| [30–39 years old] | 52.2% | 47.7% | −0.126 | 0.882 (0.400–1.944) | ||
| [40–49 years old] | 35.6% | 41.9% | 0.030 | 1.030 (0.504–2.106) | ||
| [50–58 years old] d | 3.3% | 3.0% | ||||
| Education c | 22.60 ** | 2.793 | ||||
| 9th Degree | 0.8% | 1.2% | −0.280 | 0.756 (0.051–11.205) | ||
| 12th Degree Uncompleted | 0.4% | 0.3% | −1.327 | 0.265 (0.010–6.923) | ||
| 12th Degree Completed | 64.0% | 58.0% | −0.861 | 0.423 (0.035–5.165) | ||
| Bachelor degree Uncompleted | 13.8% | 19.8% | −0.518 | 0.596 (0.048–7.347) | ||
| Bachelor degree Completed | 19.1% | 19.5% | −0.797 | 0.451 (0.037–5.539) | ||
| Post-graduation | 1.9% | 0.8% | −1.448 | 0.235 (0.016–3.401) | ||
| Master degree d | 0.1% | 0.3% | ||||
| Marital status c | 0.5.05 | 2.793 | ||||
| Single | 21.8% | 21.6% | −0.436 | 0.647 (0.342–1.222) | ||
| Married | 69.4% | 67.2% | −0.457 | 0.633 (0.343–1.167) | ||
| Divorced | 6.5% | 7.5% | −0.284 | 0.753 (0.375–1.511) | ||
| Widower | 0.3% | 0.7% | −0.431 | 0.650 (0.143–2.948) | ||
| Other d | 2.0% | 3.1% | ||||
| Tenure c | 15.06 ** | 7.647 | ||||
| Less than 1 year | 1.1% | 0.5% | −0.089 | 0.914 (0.135–6.180) | ||
| Between 2 to 3 years | 5.2% | 3.7% | 0.450 | 1.568 (0.339–7.244) | ||
| Between 4 to 5 years | 17.4% | 12.8% | 0.085 | 1.089 (0.250–4.740) | ||
| Between 6 to 10 years | 28.4% | 28.9% | 0.390 | 1.477 (0.346–6.304) | ||
| Between 11 to 19 years | 33.6% | 38.3% | 0.665 | 1.945 (0.484–7.812) | ||
| Between 20 to 29 years | 13.3% | 15.1% | 0.487 | 1.627 (0.420–6.308) | ||
| More than 30 years d | 1.0% | 0.7% | ||||
| Position in the hierarchy c | 15.17 * | 11.206 * | ||||
| Corporals and soldiers | 54.5% | 51.1% | 1.707 * | 5.515 (1.997–15.229) | ||
| Sergeants | 36.5% | 41.1% | 1.359 * | 3.893 (1.436–10.557) | ||
| Under-lieutenants | 5.6% | 6.9% | 1.377 * | 3.952 (1.382–11.299) | ||
| Officers d | 3.5% | 1.0% | ||||
| Job function c | 123.71 * | 18.281 * | ||||
| GAT/PATAMO | 16.7% | 8.4% | −0.507 * | 0.602 (0.406–.892) | ||
| AI | 2.4% | 2.2% | −0.080 | 0.923 (0.471–1.807) | ||
| PO/APREV/RP | 30.1% | 19.1% | −0.352 | 0.703 (0.489–1.011) | ||
| ADM | 13.8% | 30.3% | 0.417 * | 1.518 (1.085–2.124) | ||
| Other | 36.7% | 39.7% | ||||
| Work schedule c | 111.46 * | 25.015 * | ||||
| Workday from Monday to Friday | 18.7% | 35.3% | 0.361 | 1.435 (0.396–5.193) | ||
| 12 × 36 | 11.0% | 11.2% | −0.049 | 0.952 (0.263–3.447) | ||
| 12 × 24/12 × 48 | 29.9% | 20.0% | −0.129 | 0.879 (0.242–3.194) | ||
| 12/48 | 1.1% | 2.4% | 0.588 | 1.800 (0.419–7.728) | ||
| 12/60 | 1.9% | 2.6% | 0.557 | 1.746 (0.424–7.193) | ||
| 24/48 | 13.5% | 15.9% | 0.310 | 1.364 (0.381–4.875) | ||
| 24/72 | 23.3% | 11.9% | −0.510 | 0.601 (0.165–2.180) | ||
| 48/96 d | 0.7% | 0.7% | ||||
Notes: a All p-values refer to the comparisons between “full” vs. “no PTSD” groups. b Chi-square test. c Wald, B (unstandardized regression coefficient), OR (odds ratio) and CI (confidence interval) refer to data from multivariate analysis through logistic regression. All predictor variables were transformed on dummy variables. d Comparative group. * p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05. GAT/PATAMO—Tactical Action Group—Special policing activities, usually carried out in high-risk locations and in critical situations, AI—Intelligence Agency—police intelligence duties, PO/APREV/RP—ordinary policing activity, ADM—secretariat, treasury, logistics, communication, and personnel control activities. To better understand the work schedules adopted, the first number must be considered the one corresponding to hours worked and the second to hours off. For instance, “12 × 36” corresponds to 12 h worked and 36 h off.