Table 2.
Psychosocial effects of COVID-19 home confinement within and between Dutch and Italian residents.
| Variable | Range | Total | Within-Subjects Effects | NL | ITA | Between-Subjects Effects | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before M (SD) |
During M (SD) |
∆ (%∆) |
z Value | p Value | Effect Size r | ∆ (%∆) |
∆ (%∆) |
z Value | p Value | Effect Size r | ||
| Social participation | 14–70 | 41.97 (7.48) |
25.13 (4.86) |
−16.84 (−40.8) |
−20.871 | <0.001 | 0.866 | −15.20 (−37.7) |
−19.91 (−44.2) |
−7.714 | <0.001 | 0.320 |
| Mental wellbeing | 7–35 | 27.04 (3.43) |
24.17 (4.51) |
−2.87 (−10.6) |
−15.635 | <0.001 | 0.649 | −2.82 (−10.3) |
−2.98 (−11.4) |
−0.423 | 0.672 | 0.018 |
| Depressive mood and feelings | 0–26 | 4.74 (4.76) |
7.30 (5.68) |
+2.56 (+54) |
−13.523 | <0.001 | 0.561 | +2.63 (+78.5) |
+2.42 (+32.9) |
−1.236 | 0.216 | 0.051 |
| Life satisfaction | 3–21 | 15.73 (3.25) |
12.62 (4.50) |
−3.12 (−19.8) |
−16.334 | <0.001 | 0.678 | −3.10 (−18.8) |
−3.15 (−21.9) |
−0.128 | 0.898 | 0.005 |
| Loneliness | 1–5 | 1.69 (0.81) |
2.33 (1.31) |
+0.63 (+37.3) |
−11.297 | <0.001 | 0.512 | +0.67 (+41.9) |
+0.57 (+30.2) |
−0.811 | 0.417 | 0.037 |
| Need for psychosocial support |
1–5 | 1.73 (0.84) |
2.03 (1.03) |
+0.30 (+17.3) |
−10.133 | <0.001 | 0.404 | +0.28 (+16.8) |
+0.33 (+17.6) |
−0.543 | 0.587 | 0.022 |
Note. Need for psychosocial support (N = 629); Loneliness (N = 487); remaining variables (N = 581).