Table 2.

Zero-order correlation between country-level COVID-19 factors, personal COVID-19 exposure, and mental health outcomes. among participants in the 11 countries.

	Governmental Policy Responses	Personal COVID-19 Exposure		Anxiety	Depression	Resilient Coping	Hope
Increase in confirmed cases per million people a	0.087 **	0.175 **		0.311 **	0.255 **	−0.068 **	−0.048
Governmental policy response a		0.030 **		0.152 **	0.135 **	−0.099 **	−0.121
Personal COVID-19 exposure b				0.144 **	0.132 **	−0.021 *	−0.070
Anxiety					0.765 **	−0.254 **	−0.344
Depression						−0.307 **	−0.449
Resilient coping							0.601

Note: * p value < 0.05; ** p value < 0.001, based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient tests. ^a Country-level COVID-19 factors were measured using two variables: Increase in confirmed cases per million people, capturing each participating country’s average confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people per day during their lockdown; and Governmental policy response to COVID-19, capturing each participating country’s average government stringency index score during their lockdown (0 = no policy response, 100 = strictest policy responses). Government stringency index score was not available for North Macedonia, thus, we used the average scores of its 5 neighboring countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, Serbia) instead. ^b Personal COVID-19 exposure was created based on participants’ COVID-19-related exposures during their country’s lockdown, capturing their highest risk exposure in 1 of 5 mutually exclusive categories (5 = high-risk exposure, 1 = low-risk exposure).