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. 2021 Mar 2;18(5):2419. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052419
1 January 2008 (i) drink-driving (increase in penalties)
(ii) marketing/advertising (ban on TV and radio during daytime hours)
(iii) taxation/price (increase in excise tax of 10–20%)
1 January 2009
New; criteria:
affordability and availability
(i) taxation/price (increase in excise tax of 10–15%; removal of tax exemptions for small beer breweries; and relative price of alcohol increases due to global economic crisis)
(ii) availability (off-premise sales restricted at night; and a ban on having opened alcohol beverages in cars)
1 April 2014
New; criterion:
affordability
taxation/price (increase in excise tax by of 10–47% for beer, wine and intermediate products; and 1% for ethyl alcohol)
1 March 2017 taxation/price (increase in excise tax: 111–112% for wines and beer; and 23% for ethyl alcohol)
1 January 2018 (i) availability (increase in legal minimum age and in enforcement; and reduced off-premise sales hours)
(ii) marketing/advertisement (full ban on TV, radio, and internet advertisements with few exceptions)