Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of student and worker groups. Mean (SD), percentage, t-test, and Cohen’s d are listed.
| Students (N = 478) |
Workers (N = 478) |
Test (df) | p | Effect Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 23.4 (2.7) | 33.3 (6.9) | t(617.21) = −29.13 | <0.001 | d = 2.07 |
| Gender | χ2(1) = 11.13 | 0.001 | |||
| Male | 108 (22.6%) | 154 (32.2%) | |||
| Female | 370 (77.4%) | 324 (67.8%) | |||
| Educational level | χ2(1) = 37.04 | <0.001 | |||
| Primary/secondary/high school diploma | 206 (43.1%) | 117 (24.5%) | |||
| B.Sc. or M.Sc. degree/postgraduate qualification | 272 (56.9%) | 361 (75.5%) | |||
| Marital status | χ2(1) = 191.29 | <0.001 | |||
| Not in a relationship | 458 (95.8%) | 278 (58.2%) | |||
| In a relationship | 20 (4.2%) | 200 (41.8%) | |||
| COVID-19 questions | |||||
| Knowing of others who are positive (yes response) | 219 (45.8%) | 267 (55.9%) | χ2(1) = 9.64 | 0.002 | |
| Knowing of others who died (yes response) | 59 (12.3%) | 88 (18.4%) | χ2(1) = 6.76 | 0.009 | |
| Having had contact with others who tested positive (yes response) | 19 (4.0%) | 94 (19.7%) | χ2(1) = 56.45 | <0.001 | |
| Psychological aspects | |||||
| Health evaluation (VAS) * | 8.15 (1.5) | 8.2 (1.4) | t(954) = −0.11 | 0.910 | d = 0.01 |
| Health concern (VAS) # | 5.4 (2.3) | 6.0 (2.3) | t(954) = −3.83 | <0.001 | d = 0.25 |
| STAI Y1 | 49.8 (12.0) | 47.8 (13.0) | t(948.19) = 2.48 | 0.013 | d = 0.16 |
| Scored above the STAI Y1 cutoff point (≥41) | 359 (75.1%) | 311 (65.1%) | χ2(1) = 11.50 | <0.001 | |
| BDI-II | 12.5 (9.2) | 10.0 (8.8) | t(953) = 4.40 | <0.001 | d = 0.28 |
| Scored above the BDI-II cutoff point (>13) | 180 (37.7%) | 137 (25.9%) | χ2(1) = 8.87 | 0.003 |
SD = standard deviation; VAS = visual analogue scale; BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory; STAI Y1 = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y1. * Health evaluation question = “How do you currently rate your health?”. # Health concern question = “How concerned are you about contracting COVID-19?”.