Table 3.
Top 10 influential metabolites that distinguish the DASH diets relative to the control diet1
| DASH-high sodium diet relative to control-high sodium diet | DASH-low sodium diet relative to control-high sodium diet | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Superpathway | Metabolite | β | P-value | VIP | C-statistics in the testing sample | C-statistics in the validation sample | β | P-value | VIP | C-statistics in the testing sample | C-statistics in the validation sample |
| Amino Acid | N-methylglutamate | 2.74282 | 1.15 × 10−65 | 3.65 | 0.918 | 0.943 | 3.01342 | 2.39 × 10−75 | 3.87 | 0.946 | 0.952 |
| Amino Acid | N-methylhydroxyproline | 2.44555 | 2.43 × 10−55 | 3.26 | 0.898 | 0.910 | 2.61079 | 1.40 × 10−58 | 3.36 | 0.911 | 0.912 |
| Xenobiotics | 3-hydroxystachydrine* | 2.72683 | 5.67 × 10−58 | 3.18 | 0.897 | 0.925 | 2.93629 | 1.05 × 10−67 | 3.35 | 0.940 | 0.929 |
| Amino Acid | N-methylproline† | 2.36431 | 3.18 × 10−62 | 3.15 | 0.912 | 0.933 | 2.59277 | 7.35 × 10−71 | 3.35 | 0.939 | 0.945 |
| Lipid | chiro-inositol†2 | 2.27567 | 4.26 × 10−45 | 2.98 | 0.864 | 0.879 | 2.50780 | 2.20 × 10−54 | 3.19 | 0.891 | 0.905 |
| Xenobiotics | stachydrine† | 2.19013 | 9.55 × 10−69 | 2.92 | 0.933 | 0.944 | 2.34008 | 5.19 × 10−77 | 3.01 | 0.953 | 0.954 |
| Xenobiotics | 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid3 | 1.56259 | 6.09 × 10−61 | 1.97 | 0.920 | 0.898 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Xenobiotics | phloroglucinol sulfate | 1.74828 | 5.26 × 10−33 | 1.86 | 0.830 | 0.882 | 1.95133 | 1.15 × 10−42 | 2.13 | 0.903 | 0.866 |
| Carbohydrate | galactonate | 1.40436 | 1.24 × 10−28 | 1.82 | 0.808 | 0.849 | 1.62469 | 3.54 × 10−37 | 2.04 | 0.878 | 0.843 |
| Xenobiotics | 3,7-dimethylurate | −1.35530 | 1.46 × 10−24 | 1.72 | 0.795 | 0.824 | −1.39313 | 4.06 × 10−26 | 1.64 | 0.809 | 0.867 |
| Xenobiotics | theobromine†3 | — | — | — | — | — | −1.42144 | 8.04 × 10−26 | 1.62 | 0.805 | 0.875 |
| Overall C-statistics | 0.981 | 0.977 | 0.975 | 0.968 | |||||||
β coefficient modeling loge(metabolite) and P-values were derived from multivariable linear regression models. Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) scores were derived from partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). C-statistics were calculated by building logistic regression models with incremental addition of each of the individual metabolites and diet interventions as the outcome. The overall C-statistic was calculated after adding the top 10 influential metabolites to the model.
Chiro-inositol may be classified as belonging to a different class of metabolites (superpathway) in studies not using the Metabolon platform (e.g., cyclohexanol / polyol of sugar).
3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was not one of the top 10 influential metabolites that distinguished the DASH-low sodium diet relative to control-high sodium diet. Theobromine was not one of the top 10 influential metabolites that distinguished the DASH-high sodium diet relative to control-high sodium diet.
Metabolites that are not officially confirmed based on a standard.
Metabolites that were reported as the top 10 highly influential metabolites in discriminating between the DASH and control diets in the original DASH trial [7].
DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension