Table 3.
Concentrations of urinary 8-epi-PGF2α and PGE-M in hepatocellular carcinoma cases and control subjects in total and subgroups stratified by smoking status, alcohol intake, and serological status of HBsAg, the Shanghai Cohort Study
| Subject group | 8-epi-PGF2α (pmol/mg creatinine)a | PGE-M (pmol/mg creatinine)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | P | Cases | Controls | P | |
| Total subjects, n | 325 | 667 | 290 | 660 | ||
| Mean (95% CI)b | 0.92 (0.86–1.00) | 0.80 (0.72–0.86) | <0.001 | 22.2 (19.3–25.6) | 23.4 (20.1–27.1) | 0.442 |
| By smoking status | ||||||
| Never smokers, n | 126 | 311 | 114 | 308 | ||
| Mean (95% CI)b | 0.82 (0.74–0.90) | 0.68 (0.62–0.76) | 0.001 | 21.9 (18.3–26.0) | 22.7 (19.3–26.6) | 0.696 |
| Former smokers, n | 26 | 44 | 21 | 44 | ||
| Mean (95% CI)b | 0.82 (0.68–0.98) | 0.78 (0.66–0.90) | 0.619 | 23.3 (16.5–32.9) | 24.9 (19.0–32.7) | 0.746 |
| Current smokers, n | 173 | 312 | 155 | 308 | ||
| Mean (95% CI)b | 1.04 (0.96–1.16) | 0.90 (0.82–0.98) | 0.002 | 22.4 (18.9–26.6) | 23.8 (20.2–28.0) | 0.471 |
| By alcohol intake | ||||||
| Nondrinkers, n | 195 | 380 | 178 | 372 | ||
| Mean (95% CI)b | 0.88 (0.82–0.98) | 0.78 (0.70–0.86) | 0.001 | 22.3 (19.1–26.0) | 23.4 (19.9–27.4) | 0.551 |
| Drinkers, n | 130 | 287 | 112 | 288 | ||
| Mean (95% CI)b | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | 0.82 (0.74–0.90) | 0.004 | 22.1 (18.3–26.7) | 23.0 (19.8–27.4) | 0.561 |
| By HBsAg status | ||||||
| Negative, n | 137 | 592 | 123 | 585 | ||
| Mean (95% CI)b | 0.86 (0.78–0.96) | 0.76 (0.70–0.82) | 0.003 | 24.0(20.0–28.7) | 23.7 (20.5–27.4) | 0.865 |
| Positive, n | 188 | 75 | 167 | 75 | ||
| Mean (95% CI)b | 0.96 (0.88–1.06) | 0.80 (0.72–0.92) | 0.004 | 21.0 (18.0–24.6) | 24.9 (20.1–31.0) | 0.116 |
aForty-six subjects (22 cases and 24 controls) were excluded due to missing 8-epi-PGF2α, and 88 subjects (57 cases and 31 controls) were excluded due to missing PGE-M (the details were described in the Methods).
bGeometric means (95% CIs) were adjusted for age, year of biospecimen collection, neighborhood of residence, cigarette smoking (never, former or current smoker), alcohol consumption (non-drinker, <4 drinks per day or ≥4 drinks per day), body mass index (<18.5, 18–<23, 23–<27, 27+ kg/m2), self-reported history of physician-diagnosed liver cirrhosis (no or yes), and serological status of HBsAg (negative, positive).