Table 1.
Complications reported in the literature
| Author | Size | Incidence (intra/postoperative complications; %) | Complications reported (N = patients) | Follow‐up (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fujibayashi42, 2017 | 28 |
Intra = 0 Post = 28.6% (8/28) |
Transient weakness of hip flexion = 2 Transient thigh pain/numbness = 6 |
‐ |
| Sato24, 2017 | 20 |
Intra = 5% (1/20) Post = 15% (3/20) |
Segmental artery injury = 1 Thigh pain/numbness = 1 Cage subsidence = 2 |
12 |
| Ohtori36, 2015 | 35 |
Intra = 2.9% (1/35) Post = 17.1% (6/35) |
Transient thigh pain/numbness = 3 Cage subsidence = 1 Quadriceps weakness = 1 Thigh pain = 1 Segmental artery injury = 1 |
14.5 |
| Mehren14, 2016 | 812 |
Intra = 0.4% (3/812) Post = 3.3% (27/812) |
Infection = 5 Hematoma = 11 Paralytic ileus = 2 Vascular Injury Vena iliaca communis left = 1 Vena iliaca communis right = 1 Aorta = 1 Nerve irritation = 3 Ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerve = 1 Lumbar plexus = 2 Iliac crest pain = 6 Sensory deficits = 1 |
‐ |
| Molloy43, 2016 | 64 |
Intra = 4.7% (3/64) Post = 31% (20/64) |
Transient motor evoked potentials deficits = 3 Revision Procedures = 3 Wound Complications = 2 CSF leaks = 4 Ileus = 8 Pulmonary emboli = 3 Temporary failed catheter removal = 3 |
21.6 |
| Grangnaniello44, 2016 | 21 |
Intra = 0 Post = 38% (8/21) |
Weakness of hip flexion = 2 Extensor hallucis longus weakness = 1 Lateral cutaneous nerve palsy = 2 Sympathetic chain symptoms = 1 Psoas abscess = 1 New sacro‐iliac joint = 1 |
8.57 |
| Jin18, 2018 | 21 |
Intra = 0 Post = 33.3% (7/21) |
Leg paresthesia = 2 Local hematoma = 1 Abdominal ileus = 4 |
‐ |
| Chang21, 2017 | 1 |
Intra = 0 Post = 1 |
Ventral dural injury = 1 | 24 |
| Lee13, 2017 | 1 |
Intra = 0 Post = 1 |
Ureter injury | 2 |
| Abe41, 2017 | 155 |
Intra = 26.5%(41/155) Post = 22%(34/155) |
Endplate injury = 29 Segmental artery damage = 4 Peritoneal laceration = 3 Other vessels injury = 2 Pleural laceration = 2 Ureteral injury = 1 Psoas weakness = 21 Surgical site infection = 3 Reoperation = 3 Breakage of the lumbar interbody fusion cage = 2 Surgical instrument failure = 2 Spinal nerve injury = 1 Cauda equina injury = 1 Postoperative death = 1 |
‐ |
| Woods45, 2017 | 137 |
Intra = 4.4% (6/137) Post = 8.8% (12/137) |
Cage subsidence = 6 Ileus = 4 Vascular injury = 4 Blood transfusion = 2 Superior mesenteric artery syndrome = 1 Retrograde ejaculation = 1 |
6 |