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. 2021 Mar 15;153(4):e202012814. doi: 10.1085/jgp.202012814

Table 2. List of fluorescence molecular dynamic measurement techniques.

Technique Principle Applications in spines and synapses
FRAP Fluorescent molecules in a small region are photobleached, and subsequent movement of surrounding nonbleached fluorescent molecules into the photobleached area is monitored (Lippincott-Schwartz et al., 2018). Svoboda et al., 1996; Bloodgood and Sabatini, 2005
FCS Fluctuation of fluorescence intensity from the detection volume fixed at a specific position is recorded, and a temporal correlation is analyzed (Elson, 2011). Chen et al., 2015; Obashi et al., 2019
RICS Spatial correlation is analyzed from raster-scanned images (Digman and Gratton, 2011). Obashi et al., 2019
SPT The movement of a single particle is tracked using time-lapse imaging, and a trajectory is made and analyzed. To detect single particles, the density of fluorescence particles should be kept low (Shen et al., 2017). Borgdorff and Choquet, 2002; Varela et al., 2016
SPT-PALM Only a small number of photoactivatable fluorescent proteins in the field of view are activated and tracked until they are bleached (Manley et al., 2010). Frost et al., 2010b; Nair et al., 2013