Table 1.
Sample characteristics (N = 81)
| Variable | Total (N = 81) | Self-reported pain |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None to Mild (n = 37) | Moderate to Severe (n =44) | pd | ||
| Racea | ||||
| White | 55 (67.9%) | 23 (62.2%) | 32 (72.7%) | |
| Black or African American | 14 (l7.3%) | 8 (21.6%) | 6 (13.6%) | |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (2.7%) | 0 (0%) | n/a |
| American Indian / Alaska Native | 4 (4.9%) | 2 (5.4%) | 2 (4.6%) | |
| More than one race/multi-racial | 3 (3.7%) | 1 (2.7%) | 2 (4.6%) | |
| Other | 4 (4.9%) | 2 (5.4%) | 2 (4.6%) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Males | 40 (49.4%) | 17 (46.0%) | 23 (52.3%) | .57 |
| Females | 41 (50.6%) | 20 (54.0%) | 21 (47.7%) | |
| Age | 49.6 (SD = 11.9) | 48.1 (SD = 13.0) | 50.9 (SD = 10.9) | .30 |
| Years of education | 13.1 (SD = 1.8) | 13.4 (SD = 1.7) | 12.8 (SD = 1.8) | .11 |
| Treatment condition | ||||
| Usual care | 27 (33.3%) | 12 (32.4%) | 15 (34.1%) | .71 |
| QuitGuide | 27 (33.3%) | 14 (37.8%) | 13 (29.6%) | |
| Smart-T | 27 (33.3%) | 11 (29.7%) | 16 (36.4%) | |
| Heaviness of smoking index | 3.6 (SD = 1.3) | 3.1 (SD = 1.2) | 4.0 (SD = 1.3) | <.01 |
| I feel depressedb | 2.0 (SD = 0.9) | 1.6 (SD = 0.6) | 2.4 (SD = 1.0) | <.01 |
| I feel stressedb | 2.4 (SD = 0.9) | 2.1 (SD = 0.7) | 2.7 (SD = 0.9) | <.01 |
| I feel anxiousb | 2.4 (SD = 1.0) | 2.0 (SD = 0.8) | 2.7 (SD = 1.1) | <.01 |
| I am confident that smoking would improve my mood. | 2.6 (SD = 0.9) | 2.5 (SD = 0.9) | 2.7 (0.9) | .20 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Week 1 (% relapsed)b | 26 (33.8%) | 6 (16.7%) | 20 (48.8%) | <.01 |
| Week 4 (% relapsed)c | 60 (74.1%) | 23 (62.2%) | 37 (84.1%) | .02 |
a
The race variable was dichotomized to Whites vs. all other self-identified race categories. Chi-squared test was not conducted because 67% of the cells have expected counts less than 5.
b
Aggregated ecological momentary assessment data across the 1st week post-quit.
c
Participants with missing data for smoking status (N = 15) were treated as smoking.
d
Bivariate analyses were done using chi-squared tests and independent t-tests.