Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2021 Apr 1;49(2):115–125. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000242

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Aging is the primary risk factor for the development of cognitive dysfunction, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Numerous, established biological “hallmarks of brain aging” (shown at top) contribute to age-related reductions in cognitive function and increased neurodegeneration/dementia risk with aging.