Table I.

Tumor suppressive roles of HNF4α.

Cancer type	Expression pattern	Main findings	Refs.
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Downregulated	i) HNF4α expression is progressively decreased in rat model of liver carcinogenesis (50,53).	Lazarevich et al (50)
		ii) HNF4α-NF-κB feedback circuit, including miR-124, miR-7 and miR-21, exhibits a powerful predictive efficiency of patient prognosis (70).	Ning et al (53,70)
Colon carcinoma	Downregulated	i) Decrease expression of HNF4α plays a critical role in the aggravation of colon carcinoma by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and by affecting apoptosis and cell cycle progression (80).	Yao et al (80)
		ii) HNF4α exerts a tumor suppressor function in the colon and its loss of function facilitates tumor progression (54).	Saandi et al (54)
Prostate cancer	Downregulated	HNF4α has a tumor suppressor role in prostate cancer via a mechanism of p21-driven cellular senescence (56).	Wang et al (56)
RCC	Downregulated	HNF4α expression is downregulated in RCC tissues compared with normal tissues, is positively correlated with E-cadherin expression, and indicates a poor prognosis in patients (62).	Gao et al (62)
Biliary cancer	Downregulated	Mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase blocks HNF-4α expression and promotes biliary cancer (65).	Saha et al (65)

HNF4α, hepatocyte nuclear receptor 4 α; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; miR, microRNA.