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. 2021 Mar 16;40:99. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-01897-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — The promoting effect of YAP on autophagy is mediated by HMGB1. a Representative immunoblots of the extracts from U87 cells after HMGB1 down-regulation probed with indicated antibodies. b & c Representative immunoblots of the extracts from U87 (b) or U251 (c) cells after YAP over-expression with or without HMGB1 down-regulation probed with indicated antibodies. d & e After having been transfected with GFP-LC3 in U251 glioma cells, representative fluorescence micrographs (d) of vector and YAP over-expression cells with or without mCherry-shHMGB1 infection were taken and quantified (e). Scale bar, 5 μm. f Representative electron micrographs of vector and YAP over-expression U251 cells with or without HMGB1 down-regulation. White arrowhead indicated AP; Blue arrowhead indicated AL. Scale bar: 2 μm. g & h Quantification of total AVs (g), AP (h) and AL (i) of U251 cells presented in (f). All data are expressed as the mean ± SD of values from experiments performed in triplicate. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001