Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Mar 17;18:8. doi: 10.1186/s12977-021-00552-6

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 4 — Circulating biomarkers in the Rwanda cohort: preinfection individuals have significantly higher cytokines and chemokine levels compared to the uninfected group. a The levels of cytokines and chemokines were separated by the country of origin and the uninfected (purple) and preinfection (orange) groups were compared (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, two-tailed, FDR adjusted p-values). b Partial Least Square (PLS) Analysis for the Rwandan cohort. Analysis was done with NIPALS Fit with 1 Factor. VIP (Variable Importance Plot) Threshold was set at 0.8. PLS analysis for Rwandan cohort. ITAC, GMCSF, Fractalkine, IFNg, IL-10, IL-17a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-21, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, and TNFa were the biomarkers that caused preinfection profile in Rwanda