Table 1.

CRLs in regulation of mitochondrial functions

Category	Substrate receptors	Substrates	Regulatory functions/biological consequences	References
CRL1	Mdm30 (Yeast)	Fzo1	Inhibits Mitochondrial fusion	[46, 47]
		Mdm34	Inhibits Mitochondrial fusion	[48]
	Mfb1 (Yeast)	NR	Inhibits Mitochondrial fusion	[49]
	β-TrCP1	MFN1	Inhibits Mitochondrial fusion	[35]
	FBXW7	MIFT	Inhibits mitochondrial gene transcription and oxidative metabolism	[50]
	SKP2	IDH1	Inhibits tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle	[51]
	FBXL4	NR	Inhibits mitochondrial morphology, mtDNA integrity, and OXPHOS	[52–54, 56]
	FBXL7	Survivin	Inhibits mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential	[55]
	FBXO7	NR	Inhibits mitophagy	[59]
			Decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, and oxygen consumption, increases cytosolic ROS production	[58]
	FBXO11	NR	Inhibits mitochondrial swelling	[57]
	FBXO15	CLS1	Inhibits mitochondrial function	[60]
	FBXO25	HAX-1	Induces apoptosis	[61]
CRL2	pVHL	HIF1α	Increases the rate of oxygen consumption	[64]
CRL3	Keap1	Nrf2	Promotes cellular oxidative stress and controls mitochondrial retrograde trafficking	[66, 67]
	SPOP	INF2	Inhibits mitochondrial fission	[68]
CRL4A	CRBN	NR	Acts specifically as a Lon-type protease in mitochondria	[70]
		BNIP3L	Inhibits mitophagy	[71]
	DCAF6	NR	Maintain sarcomere structure and mitochondrial/ contractile function in cardiomyocytes	[72]
CRL4B	AhR	NR	Promotes mitochondrial biogenesis against oxidative damage	[74]
			Suppresses mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke	[75]
CRL5	NR	TRAF6	Binds with SARM1 and recruited to PINK1 complexes on depolarized mitochondria and facilitates Parkin-induced mitophagy	[79]
	NR	DEPTOR	Suppresses mitochondrial respiration, mtDNA copy number, and citrate synthase activity	[82]

NR not reported