Table 3.
Estimation results of constructed mixed-effects model with CIR16–99a of spinal cord injury (SCI) as the dependent variable and major risk factors as fixed effects
| SCI | Traumatic SCI | MVa-related SCI | Fall-related SCI | Tetraplegia | Traumatic tetraplegia | MVa-related tetraplegia | Fall-related tetraplegia | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National data | ||||||||
| Sex (Male/Female) | 1.85*** (1.59 to 2.1) | 1.21*** (1.01 to 1.4) | 0.62*** (0.5 to 0.73) | 0.37*** (0.29 to 0.44) | 1.56*** (1.35 to 1.77) | 1.01*** (0.85 to 1.18) | 0.55*** (0.44 to 0.65) | 0.29*** (0.23 to 0.34) |
| Ln (GDPa per capita), USD | −4.85*** (−7.09 to −2.6) | −3.07*** (− 4.78 to −1.36) | − 1.55** (− 2.56 to −0.55) | − 1.09*** (− 1.69 to − 0.48) | − 3.64*** (−5.51 to − 1.78) | −2.46** (− 3.9 to − 1.02) | − 1.23* (− 2.15 to − 0.31) | − 0.8** (− 1.3 to − 0.29) |
| Urbanization level (Metropolitan/Rural) | −0.65*** (− 0.9 to − 0.39) | −0.56*** (− 0.76 to − 0.37) | −0.31*** (− 0.42 to − 0.2) | −0.14*** (− 0.21 to − 0.07) | −0.49*** (− 0.7 to − 0.28) | −0.46*** (− 0.62 to − 0.29) | −0.29*** (− 0.39 to − 0.18) | −0.1*** (− 0.16 to − 0.04) |
| Year 2008 (Yes/No) | −0.34 (− 0.91 to 0.23) | −0.32 (− 0.75 to 0.11) | −0.1 (− 0.35 to 0.16) | −0.13 (− 0.29 to 0.02) | −0.24 (− 0.72 to 0.23) | −0.22 (− 0.58 to 0.15) | −0.08 (− 0.31 to 0.16) | −0.1 (− 0.23 to 0.03) |
| Year 2009 (Yes/No) | −1.49** (− 2.47 to − 0.52) | −1.13** (− 1.87 to − 0.38) | −0.54* (− 0.98 to − 0.1) | −0.3* (− 0.57 to − 0.03) | − 1.13** (− 1.94 to − 0.31) | −0.77* (− 1.39 to − 0.14) | −0.43* (− 0.83 to − 0.03) | −0.16 (− 0.38 to 0.06) |
| LR20–64a | 0.53 (− 0.4 to 1.46) | 0.38 (− 0.33 to 1.08) | 0.2 (− 0.22 to 0.61) | 0.16 (− 0.1 to 0.42) | 0.55 (− 0.22 to 1.32) | 0.42 (− 0.18 to 1.01) | 0.17 (−0.21 to 0.55) | 0.17 (− 0.04 to 0.38) |
| P80/P20a | 1.54** (0.5 to 2.59) | 1.2** (0.4 to 1.99) | 0.49* (0.03 to 0.96) | 0.32* (0.03 to 0.61) | 1.24** (0.37 to 2.11) | 0.85* (0.17 to 1.52) | 0.45* (0.02 to 0.88) | 0.18 (−0.05 to 0.42) |
| Taipei versus 4 countiesb | ||||||||
| Sex (Male/Female) | 2.38*** (1.93 to 2.83) | 1.49*** (1.14 to 1.84) | 0.71*** (0.53 to 0.9) | 0.45*** (0.31 to 0.6) | 2.07*** (1.69 to 2.44) | 1.33*** (1.02 to 1.64) | 0.64*** (0.48 to 0.81) | 0.41*** (0.28 to 0.54) |
| Ln (GDPa per capita), USD | −7.23*** (− 11.2 to − 3.26) | − 4.61** (− 7.69 to − 1.52) | − 2.07* (− 3.7 to −0.45) | − 2.47*** (− 3.7 to − 1.23) | −6.65*** (− 9.98 to − 3.32) | − 4.52** (− 7.26 to − 1.78) | −1.91* (− 3.37 to − 0.45) | − 2.26*** (− 3.39 to − 1.12) |
| Urbanization level (Taipei City/4 countiesb) | −1.12*** (− 1.57 to − 0.67) | −1.16*** (− 1.5 to − 0.81) | −0.49*** (− 0.68 to − 0.31) | −0.35*** (− 0.5 to − 0.21) | −1.01*** (− 1.38 to − 0.63) | −1.02*** (− 1.33 to − 0.71) | −0.51*** (− 0.68 to − 0.35) | −0.26*** (− 0.39 to − 0.13) |
| Year 2008 (Yes/No) | −0.29 (− 1.29 to 0.72) | −0.37 (− 1.15 to 0.41) | −0.01 (− 0.42 to 0.4) | −0.29 (− 0.61 to 0.03) | −0.25 (− 1.09 to 0.59) | −0.2 (− 0.89 to 0.49) | −0.01 (− 0.38 to 0.36) | −0.21 (− 0.5 to 0.08) |
| Year 2009 (Yes/No) | −2.12* (− 3.85 to − 0.39) | −1.25 (− 2.59 to 0.09) | −0.65 (− 1.36 to 0.06) | −0.6* (− 1.16 to − 0.04) | −1.83* (− 3.28 to − 0.38) | − 0.99 (− 2.18 to 0.2) | −0.51 (− 1.15 to 0.12) | −0.5* (− 1 to − 0.01) |
| LR20–64a | 1.32 (− 0.33 to 2.96) | 0.85 (− 0.42 to 2.13) | 0.47 (− 0.2 to 1.15 | 0.62* (0.09 to 1.15) | 1.51* (0.13 to 2.89) | 1.14* (0 to 2.27) | 0.49 (− 0.11 to 1.09) | 0.69** (0.22 to 1.16) |
| P80/P20a | 1.98* (0.13 to 3.83) | 1.41 (− 0.03 to 2.85) | 0.74 (− 0.01 to 1.5) | 0.48 (− 0.11 to 1.07) | 1.58* (0.03 to 3.13) | 0.93 (− 0.35 to 2.2) | 0.63 (− 0.05 to 1.31) | 0.32 (− 0.21 to 0.85) |
aCIR16–99 cumulative incidence rate per 103 person-years, aged 16–99, GDP gross domestic product, MV motor vehicle, LR20–64 literacy rate at age of 20–64 years, P80/P20 income inequality based on the ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%
bThe 4 counties with the lowest population density: Taitung County, Yilan County, Hualien County, and Nantou County
Figures in parentheses are 95% confidence interval
Significant at *, **, and *** indicate significance at p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively