Table 1.
Patient characteristics for all participants at baseline, 3 months and 6 months
| Randomisation group | PAP | Mindfulness | Combination |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline n (%) | |||
| Women | 22 (76) | 22 (73) | 20 (69) |
| Men | 7 (24) | 8 (27) | 9 (31) |
| 3 months | |||
| Women | 18 (72) | 19 (79) | 17 (65) |
| Men | 4 (18) | 5 (21) | 9 (35) |
| 6 months | |||
| Women | 17 (77) | 19 (79) | 15 (63) |
| Men | 5 (23) | 5 (21) | 9 (37) |
| Age median (range) | |||
| Baseline | 54 (42–65) | 53 (41–65) | 54 (43–64) |
| Percent of time in sedentary timea mean (SD, range) | |||
| Baseline | 66.2 (6.7, 78.2–50.2) | 65.5 (9.2, 80.3–43.7) | 66.7 (8.8, 80.0–47.2) |
| 3 months follow-up | 66.7 (6.7, 78.3–56.3) | 65.5 (7.5, 78.9–51.3) | 67.5 (8.1, 81.2–51.3) |
| 6 months follow-up | 65.0 (6.8, 73.6–50.0) | 65.9 (9.4,81.0–36.2) | 64.0 (9.1,78.4–45.6) |
|
Percent of time in LIPAa mean (SD, range) | |||
| Baseline | 30.9 (6.2, 45.5–20.9) | 31.7 (8.2, 50.0–19.0) | 30.3 (8.0, 49.2–18.8) |
| 3 months follow-up | 31.0 (6.0, 42.6–21.5) | 31.8 (6.9, 47.8–19.9) | 28.6 (7.1,44.5–16.3) |
| 6 months follow-up | 32.0 (5.8, 43.8–23.1) | 31.6 (9.0, 58.4–17.0) | 32.8 (8.9, 50.7–18.6) |
| Percent of time in MVPAamedian (SD, range) | |||
| Baseline | 2.6 (0.18, 6.3–0.5) | 2.3 (0.02, 9.1–0.1) | 2.4 (0.02, 9.0–0.2) |
| 3 months follow-up | 2.4 (0.14, 5.0–0.2) | 1.9. (0.02, 12.7–0.3) | 3.4 (0.03, 11.1–0.1) |
| 6 months follow-up | 2.6 (0.02, 6.2–0.4) | 1.9 (0.02, 9.0–0.2) | 2.7 (0.02, 9.2–0.3) |
| Weight kg median (range) | |||
| Baseline | 92.0 (67–121) | 86.8 (57–132) | 81.5 (62–146) |
| 3 months follow-up | 87.9 (67–111) | 81.2 (56–135) | 83 (62–143) |
| 6 months follow-up | 91.3 (59–110) | 83.0 (60–139) | 80.2 (60–145) |
| BMI kg/m2 median (range) | |||
| Baseline | 31.4 (21–43) | 29.9 (22–44) | 28.5 (21–40) |
| 3 months follow-up | 30.0 (21–42) | 28.6 (22–43) | 28.2 (21–39) |
| 6 months follow-up | 29.4 (21–42) | 28.6 (23–44) | 27.9 (23–39) |
| Total cholesterol mmol/L mean (SD, range) | |||
| Baseline | 5.20 (1.05, 7.7–2.9) | 5.63 (0.87, 7.3–4.1) | 5.41 (1.04, 7.4–3.4 ) |
| 3 months follow-up | 4.99 (1.02, 6.9–3.3) | 5.35 (0.96, 7.1–3.8) | 5.12 (1.00, 7–3.1) |
| 6 months follow-up | 5.08 (1.23, 7.1–3) | 5.72 (1.09, 7.7–3.6) | 5.08 (1.19, 7.6–2.9) |
| Low-density cholesterol mmol/L mean (SD, range) | |||
| Baseline | 3.43 (1.04, 5.9–1.3) | 3.80 (0.92, 5.7–2) | 3.66 (0.94, 5.5–2) |
| 3 months follow-up | 3.15 (0.97, 5.1–1.7) | 3.51 (1.02, 5.8–2) | 3.52 (1.01, 5.3–1.7) |
| 6 months follow-up | 3.26 (1.14, 5.3–1.5) | 3.83 (1.04, 5.9–1.9) | 3.57 (1.15, 6.3–1.6) |
|
High-density cholesterol mmol/L median (SD, range) | |||
| Baseline | 1.5 (0.54, 3.1–0.9) | 1.4 (0.52, 2.9–0.5) | 1.5 (0.36, 2.4–1.0) |
| 3 months follow-up | 1.5 (0.56, 2.7–0.9) | 1.5 (0.60, 2.8–0.4) | 1.5 (0.32, 2.1–0.9) |
| 6 months follow-up | 1.5 (0.55, 2.7–0.9) | 1.4 (0.64, 2.9–0.4) | 1.4 (0.27, 2.3–0.9) |
| Triglycerides mmol/L median (SD, range) | |||
| Baseline | 1.2 (0.97, 5.1–0.4) | 1.6 (1.14, 5.2–0.5) | 1.4 (0.70, 3.2–0.7) |
| 3 months follow-up | 1.25 (0.68, 3–0.5) | 1.4 (1.13,4.9–0.8) | 1.5 (0.62, 3.2–0.7) |
| 6 months follow-up | 1.3 (0.87, 4.1–0.4) | 1.65(1.18, 5.8–0.5) | 1.4 (0.60,3.2–0.7) |
|
Systolic blood pressure mmHg median (range) | |||
| Baseline | 130 (110–160) | 120 (80–160) | 130 (100–155) |
| 3 months follow-up | 127 (100–150) | 122 (104–165) | 120 (106–145) |
| 6 months follow-up | 126 (90–160) | 129 (102–150) | 131 (108–160) |
|
Diastolic blood pressure mmHg median (range) | |||
| Baseline | 80 (64–100) | 80 (60–100) | 80 (60–90) |
| 3 months follow-up | 80 (60–90) | 80 (68–99) | 78(60–90) |
| 6 months follow-up | 80 (60–100) | 80 (60–100) | 80 (60–100) |
| Leisure-time activityb (min = 0, max = 6) median (range) | |||
| Baseline | 1 (1–5) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) |
| 3 months follow-up | 3 (1–6) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–6) |
| 6 months follow-up | 3 (1–6) | 2 (1–6) | 3 (1–6) |
| Daily activityb(min = 0, max = 7) median (range) | |||
| Baseline | 3 (1–7) | 3 (1–6) | 4 (1–5) |
| 3 months follow-up | 5 (2–7) | 3 (1–7) | 5 (1–6) |
| 6 months follow-up | 5 (3–7) | 4 (1–7) | 5 (1–7) |
| ISIb (min = 0, max = 28) median (range) | |||
| Baseline | 8 (0–24) | 11 (0–27) | 10 (0–21) |
| 3 months follow-up | 7 (0–20) | 11 (0–27) | 9 (0–27) |
| 6 months follow-up | 6 (0–18) | 13 (0–25) | 9 (0–18) |
| FFMQb (min = 29, max = 145) mean (SD) | |||
| Baseline | 105.5 (80–129) | 105.6 (82–128) | 100.6 (89–114) |
| 3 months follow-up | 107.6 (90–125) | 103.5 (81–129) | 103.8 (92–117) |
| 6 months follow-up | 106.8 (85–132) | 102.5 (83–127) | 102.8 (87–116) |
| SRHb (min = 1 max = 5) median (range) | |||
| Baseline | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) |
| 3 months follow-up | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–5) | 4 (2–5) |
| 6 months follow-up | 4 (1–4) | 4 (2–5) | 4 (2–5) |
aPercentage of sedentary time and time in different intensity of physical activity per valid day and averaged over the number of valid days, activity monitor measured
bSelf-reported measurements. Data are presented as mean values and standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed variables, and as median and range for variables with skewed distribution and variables based on nominal scales. LIPA light physical activity, MVPA moderate to vigorous physical activity, ISI insomnia severity index, FFMQ five facets of mindfulness questionnaire, SRH self-rated health