Table 1. Clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters in control group, IRIS CKD stages 2 ~ 4 and acute‐on‐chronic kidney injury groups
| Control | IRIS CKD Stage 2 | IRIS CKD Stage 3 | IRIS CKD Stage 4 | Acute on chronickidney injury | p value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | Median (IQR) | n | Median (IQR) | n | Median (IQR) | n | Median (IQR) | n | Median (IQR) | n | |
| Copeptin (pmol/L) | 4.03 (3.97, 5.06) | 7 | 4.04 (3.52, 5.61) | 21 | 4.56 (3.05, 5.76) | 25 | 4.91 (3.47, 6.91) | 10 | 5.12 (3.96, 7.67) | 6 | 0.656 |
| Age | 2.00a,b (1.00,11.00) | 7 | 9.50a (7.75,13.00) | 21 | 13.00a,b (12.05, 12.65) | 25 | 12.85a,b (5.53,16.85) | 10 | 14.75b (13.85, 17.13) | 6 | 0.002* |
| RBC (106/μL) | 9.87c (7.69, 10.18) | 5 | 8.47b,c (7.07, 9.03) | 21 | 7.75a,b,c (6.51, 8.66) | 20 | 5.57a (4.44, 6.62) | 10 | 5.60a,b (4.46, 6.15) | 5 | <0.001** |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.90a,b (12.90, 15.40) | 5 | 14.00a,c (12.20, 14.85) | 21 | 12.25a,b,c (10.23, 13.10) | 20 | 9.70b,d (6.65, 11.25) | 10 | 8.80c,d (8.00, 9.50) | 5 | <0.001** |
| Hematocrit (%) | 43.10c (37.00–44.60) | 5 | 39.60a,c (34.00, 41.80) | 21 | 35.10a,b,c (26.83, 37.30) | 20 | 27.90b (19.35, 30.83) | 10 | 24.70a,b (21.25, 27.60) | 5 | <0.001** |
| WBC (/μL) | 8100 (5300–12 050) | 5 | 7000 (5750–9100) | 21 | 8800 (7025, 11 325) | 20 | 13100 (10050, 17750) | 10 | 12 500 (8450, 17 500) | 5 | 0.009 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 20.00a,b (19.00, 24.25) | 7 | 28.00a (21.50, 34.50) | 20 | 56.00b,d (39.00, 64.00) | 25 | 87.50c (74.50, 120.75) | 10 | 120.50c,d (62.00, 233.25) | 6 | <0.001** |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.70a (1.60, 1.90) | 7 | 2.10a (1.80,2.45) | 21 | 3.70b (3.20,4.40) | 25 | 6.30b (5.48, 7.73) | 10 | 7.60b (5.00, 18.18) | 6 | <0.001** |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 123.50 (105.00, 150.25) | 14 | 116.00 (100.00, 127.50) | 9 | 120.50 (107.75, 163.00) | 6 | 148.00 (134.00, −) | 3 | 0.109 | ||
| Sodium (mmoL/L) | 153.60 (152.30, 154.70) | 19 | 155.00 (153.90, 156.15) | 22 | 153.20 (152.20, 155.85) | 10 | 154.30 (151.40, 161.53) | 6 | 0.077 | ||
| Potassium(mmol/L) | 3.86 (3.56, 4.27) | 19 | 3.95 (3.72, 4.20) | 22 | 3.83 (3.52, 4.14) | 10 | 4.24 (3.55, 4.84) | 6 | 0.420 | ||
| Chloride(mmol/L) | 116.80 (113.10, 118.10) | 19 | 117.55 (116.45, 119.90) | 22 | 115.30 (114.10, 118.95) | 10 | 119.00 (117.43, 124.00) | 6 | 0.051 | ||
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.75a,b (4.63, 4.80) | 4 | 3.90a (3.60, 4.20) | 19 | 4.50a (3.85, 5.40) | 21 | 9.35b (7.10, 10.53) | 10 | 14.25b (8.80, 19.70) | 6 | <0.001** |
| Plasma osmolality (mOsm/L H2O) | 311.60 (308.05, 313.41) | 19 | 314.08 (311.68, 316.33) | 22 | 310.67 (308.33, 315.47) | 10 | 312.4 (306.08, 327.99) | 6 | 0.081 | ||
| Systolic arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 138.00 (128.00, 142.00) | 12 | 151.00 (137.00, 170.50) | 17 | 139.00 (130.00, 150.00) | 7 | 133.00 (118.50, 144.50) | 4 | 0.043* | ||
| USG | 1.056a (1.045, 1.067) | 7 | 1.014b (1.010, 1.030) | 13 | 1.011b (1.009, 1.013) | 18 | 1.010b (1.007, 1.012) | 7 | 1.009a,b (1.008, −) | 3 | <0.001** |
| UPC | 0.01a (0.01, 1.00) | 7 | 0.14a (0.09, 0.20) | 8 | 0.23a,b (0.12, 0.51) | 11 | 0.69b (0.52, 1.08) | 5 | 1.05a,b (0.37, −) | 3 | 0.001* |
1. The parameters were analyzed by Kruskal‐Wallis test and Dunn test. The values were shown with median and IQR in brackets.
2. The different superscripts (a, b, c, d) indicated various significant differences.
3. ALKP, Alkaline phosphatase; BUN, Blood urine nitrogen; UPC, Urine protein‐urine creatinine ratio; USG, Urine specific gravity.
4. *p<0.05; **p<0.001.