Table 1.
Surveillance behaviors and host-microbe responses of tissue-specific Vγ subsets
| Tissue | Subset | Surveillance Behavior | Response to Commensal Bacteria & Pathogens |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skin (epidermis) | Vγ5 | • Sessile1 • Dendrites “probe” for antigen or stress signal from neighboring keratinocytes |
• Produce cytokines in response to Gram neg bacteria2 • DETC IL-17A induces AMP production by keratinocytes3 • Promote neutrophil recruitment and microbial clearance via IL-174 |
| Skin (dermis) | Vγ4 | • Patrolling behavior5,6 • Form stable interactions with APCs |
• Neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance by IL-17 response5,6 |
| Gingiva | Vγ6>Vγ4,1 | Motile, but migratory behavior remains uncharacterized7 | • Oral microbiome regulates Vγ subset composition and number7 • Vγ6+ cells most sensitive to changes in microbiota • γδ17 cells shape the oral microbiome |
| Lung (parenchyma) | Vγ4>Vγ1 | unknown | • APC interactions (MHCII+ macs, DCs)8 • IL-17 promotes neutrophil infiltration and microbial clearance9,10 |
| Lung (non-parenchyma) | Vγ6 | unknown | • IL-17 promotes neutrophil infiltration and microbial clearance11,12 • Commensal bacteria activate Vγ6+ cells to promote inflammation and tumor proliferation13 |
| Intestine (intraepithelial) | Vγ7>Vγ1 | • Flossing14–17 • Surveying • Probing18 |
• Absence of commensals reduces flossing in favor of surveying behavior (Edelblum, unpublished) • Increased flossing at “hotspots” near pathogen invasion14,16 • Epithelial MyD88 signaling promotes flossing response to Salmonella infection19 • γδ IELs can produce AMPs to limit bacterial invasion20,21 |
| Intestine (lamina propria) | Vγ1,4 | unknown | • Commensal bacteria influence γδ17 population22 • Memory Vγ4 response to secondary infection23,24 |
| Uterus | Vγ6 | unknown | • Protective against Candida albicans infection, thought to recruit neutrophils to FRT25 |
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